Sentences with phrase «as electron beam»

Energetic gamma - rays are copiously produced as the electron beam splits into filaments while propagating across the conductor.

The sample, consisting of a crystalline substrate covered by an amorphous layer of the same material, transformed as the electron beam passed through it.

As the electron beam passes through the magnets, it is first attracted to the positive pole of a magnet.

As the electron beam travels down its path, it naturally spreads out; the magnets prevent that from happening by re-shaping the beam.

«We added the yttrium oxide to the diamond with a technique known as electron beam evaporation, which involves using a beam of electrons to transform molecules of yttrium oxide from the solid state to the gaseous state so that they can be made to cover a surface and solidify on it.»

Not exact matches

At Oakley, Jannard had thrown himself into the creative engineering process, enlisting technologies such as liquid laser prototyping and electron - beam gun - vapor deposition in his quest to make state - of - the - art sunglasses.

As part of their investigation, the researchers studied the dynamics of negatively charged energetic electrons in the exhaust beam of the thruster and their behavior was observed to play a key role in beam neutralization.

«The experiment is also useful as the beams are entirely made up of electrons and positrons, which is a peculiar state of matter.

As their paths bend, the electrons throw off photons that are formed into beams.

An electron microscope, which uses a beam of electrons as a light source, recorded the raw data that was then analyzed to create 3 - D reconstructions of the structures.

But the powerful electron beams can incinerate the material as they pass through it, weakening the beam and producing fuzzy images.

Clouds of electrons created by ionised gas in the beam chamber and microscopic dust particles — playfully known as unidentified falling objects, or UFOs — are interrupting the beams and making it harder to get the LHC running consistently.

Other priorities include: upgrading the LHC, which shut down in February for two years to boost its energies from 7 TeV to 14 TeV; plans to build an International Linear Collider in Japan, to collide beams of electrons and positrons as a complement to the LHC's proton findings; and a major US project to exploit high - intensity neutrino beams generated at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois.

They then exposed the evolving quantum system to a third laser beam to try and excite the atoms into what is known as a Rydberg state — a state in which one of an atom's electrons is excited to a very high energy compared with the rest of the atom's electrons.

The process resembles how computer chips are made, but in conventional, electron beam lithography, a chemical such as polymethyl methacrylate is used as the mask.

We demonstrate that the electron beam, simultaneously acting as an imaging probe and a source of energy to drive chemical transformations, offers a new tool for studying the chemical reactions of individual molecules with atomic resolution, which is vital for the discovery of new reaction mechanisms and more efficient future synthesis.»

They have also discovered that the electron beam can be simultaneously tuned to stimulate specific chemical reactions by using it as a source of energy as well as an imaging tool.

By using as sources supersonic jets of hydrogen or helium containing small concentrations of heavier molecules we have been able to obtain molecular beams with kinetic energies of the heavy molecules well into the range above I electron volt.

To be built on the campus of the University of Rome Tor Vergata on the outskirts of the city, SuperB will accelerate beams of electrons and positrons inside two 1.2 - kilometer - circumference rings and study the decay of particles such as B mesons and tau leptons that are produced when the beams collide.

Scientists have succeeded in «filming» inter-molecular chemical reactions — using the electron beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) as a stop - frame imaging tool.

An electron beam enters the vacuum chamber and melts the particles in a pattern as dictated by a CAD file.

The researchers ran computer simulations to work out the precise grid configuration that would cause the electron beam to split as it passed through the mask and recombine as a spiral on the other side.

Earlier this year, Masaya Uchida and Akira Tonomura at the Advanced Science Institute in Wako, part of Japan's network of research labs known as RIKEN, showed that electron beams can be twisted.

Dwight Duston, director of science and technology at the Pentagon's Star Wars office, says the free - electron laser, once trumpeted as a weapon for destroying incoming enemy missiles, could be used to produce a beam of high - quality X-rays that would reduce a woman's exposure to radiation during mammography.

Through a process known as electron - beam deposition, the researchers have built a thin - film wafer from 13 stacked meta - atoms.

Just as we use lenses to focus and reshape visible light, magnets are used to focus and reshape electron beams.

The researchers shined a very powerful X-ray beam — using a particle accelerator at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory — onto the surface of the material then monitored the electrons as they were knocked out of the interior.

The tree - like formations in this molten salt formed under the high - radiation of a transmission electron microscope beam; the jet of ions from the material could serve as a thruster for a nanosatellite

As these accelerated electrons stream outward, they produce beams of radiation that we receive every time the beam crosses our line of sight, like a lighthouse.

This is the first time anyone has seen electron neutrinos show up in a beam of particles that started off as muon neutrinos.

Although it might seem that the team relies on a laser to «light up» the electron, it is actually the electron on its way back toward the molecule that acts as the imaging beam.

Since electron microscopes can only operate in a high vacuum, as molecules in the air disrupt the electron beam, and since liquids evaporate in high vacuum, aqueous samples must either be freeze - dried or hermetically sealed in special cells.

Pillai said the FDA already has approved the use of electron beam technology as a pathogen intervention strategy to control the naturally occurring Vibrio vulnificus bacterial pathogen in shellfish.

Pillai said the study showed that if electron - beam pasteurization technology was included as part of a comprehensive food safety plan to reduce illnesses from raw oysters, significant public health benefits and, by extension, significant savings in medical and related expenses due to foodborne illness, can occur.

They are so sharp they appear so far to serve as excellent emitters of electron beams.

The team envisions integration across scales by integrating images from different sources, such as light microscopes, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopes (FIBSEM), and TEM.

They usually consist of flat arrays of optical resonators with spatially varying geometric parameters and subwavelength separation, classically fabricated by lithography techniques such as photolithography or electron - beam lithography.

The research team then focused a beam of vacuum ultraviolet light from the synchrotron on the heated gas mixture that knocked away electrons (an effect known as ionization).

The lines have been fabricated by electron - beam lithography using hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) as the resist layer.

His main areas of interest and expertise have been in the research and development of scanning electron microscopes, electron beams as applied to semiconductor analysis and fabrication, and basic science and engineering relating to these subjects.

The simulations showed that the observed behavior, known as a knock - on process, is consistent with the electron beam transferring energy to individual atoms in the material rather than heating an area of the material.

And new X-ray free - electron lasers, such as the Linac Coherent Light Source at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory can produce beams a billion times brighter than traditional synchrotron sources with femtosecond - timescale pulses — promising unprecedented exploration of chemical dynamics.

As part of the research, scientists Jun Lou and colleagues at Los Alamos National Laboratory developed a technique that allowed them to peer through windows created by an electron beam in order to measure the catalytic activity of molybdenum disulfide — the 2 - D material that shows potential for being used in applications using electrocatalysis to separate hydrogen from water.

As the Ukrainian experiments have shown, with small amounts of energy, significant fusion (and fission) can occur in 10 - 8 second with a self - focused (Z - pinched) electron beam in a high - density plasma.116

The addition of the linac will mean that we have the ability to use Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), Stereotactic Radiation Therapy, multi-energy electron therapy as well as on - board imaging and cone beam CT..

Paper: The experiments took place in a 1 m long, 50 L cylindrical, electropolished stainless steel reactor... A low ‐ intensity beam of 580 MeV electrons from the Aarhus Storage Ring ASTRID... at the University of Aarhus was used as the ionizing source.