Sentences with phrase «as electron density»

As the electron density outside the quantum point contact is increased, the material becomes superconducting and the transmission of Cooper pairs — the particles that comprise a superconducting current — through the constriction was also studied in this work.

Their signature can be detected in the upper atmosphere as either fluctuations in air pressure or as electron density disruptions.

The phenomenon they studied is known as an electron density wave.

Not exact matches

Between 150 and 350 kilometers above Earth's surface, the density of free - floating electrons should drop by a factor of two as they rejoin atoms, the researchers say.

Scientists have worked out the spatial distribution of electron and positron density in Ps as given by the solution of the Schroedinger equation.

Instead of a selection of facial features, the «Identikit» library contains «fuzzy fragments» — electron density maps of common subgroups in biological molecules, such as individual amino acids, or functionally important components such as chlorine atoms and methyl groups.

Along with black holes, neutron stars are the result of stars collapsing under gravity once their fuel burns out, until their density is about the same as that of the nucleus of an atom, at which point the protons and electrons «melt» into pure neutrons.

The key lies not in individual reactions between neutrinos and electrons, but in the way the vast numbers of neutrinos affect wave - like fluctuations in the density of electrons in the plasma, known as «plasma waves».

But in the case of atmospheric pressure low - density plasma, due to the influences of changes in the atmospheric pressure in a plasma as well as around the plasma, it was difficult to accurately measure electron density.

The carbohydrate moiety associated with this residue, which is recognizable in the cryo - EM electron density, may function as an attachment site of the virus to host cells.

Last year, along with researchers led by Brookhaven / Columbia University School of Engineering physicist Simon Billinge, the team established the first firm link between the disappearance of the density wave within the pseudogap phase and the emergence, as stated by Davis, of «universally free - flowing electrons needed for unrestricted superconductivity» [see: https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=11637].

The measurement method using the harmonic interferometer that we have developed does not depend upon gas composition used when plasma is produced, as compared to other electron density diagnostic methods for atmospheric pressure low - temperature plasma.

So as the tip is passed across the sample surface, it creates a spatial image of the electron density and, separately, of the crystal lattice.

In connection with violent solar eruptions, large variations occur in electron density in the ionosphere over Greenland, which interferes with GPH navigation signals as well as flight and satellite communication.

As a result, we clarified that the influence of the ion mass appeared remarkably in a high - density plasma and that the detailed physical mechanism in which turbulence is suppressed through an effect caused by electron - ion collisions.

Experimental devices have produced ion temperatures as high as 45,000 electron volts and densities of approximately 1020 particles per cubic meter, sufficient for fusion reactors.

By adjusting various parameters — such as the density of conduction electrons in the material or the strength of the DC electric field — it is possible to tune the cutoff wavenumber and, consequently, the frequency of the resulting terahertz radiation.

Inside its three - story metal sphere researchers can interpret and interact with their data in new and intriguing ways, including watching electrons spin from inside an atom or «flying» through an MRI scan of a patient's brain as blood density levels play as music.

The instruments measure atmospheric densities and temperatures for both the electrically neutral (e.g., carbon dioxide, CO2, atomic oxygen, O, atomic hydrogen, H, and other species) and the electrically charged constituents (that is, ions such as CO2 + and O2 +, and electrons).

Pulsar pulses can also be used to probe the interstellar medium (ISM) as things like density of charged electrons and turbulence of the medium can be determined from the interstellar medium's effect on pulsar pulses.

As the Ukrainian experiments have shown, with small amounts of energy, significant fusion (and fission) can occur in 10 - 8 second with a self - focused (Z - pinched) electron beam in a high - density plasma.116

what exactly is it that determines the probability of an energy transition such as an electron emitting or absorbing a photon (besides densities and occupancies of states and incident photons, etc.)-- and how does refractive index affect this (it has to because the Planck function is proportional to n ^ 2 — has to be in order to satisfy 2nd law of thermo...)-- and does it make sense to use an k, E diagram when electrons are not actually propagating as plane waves — I mean, what is the wavevector when the waveform is not a plane wave; is k a function of space in atomic orbitals?

Thus, considering LEO missions such as CHAMP, GRACE, and Formosat3 / COSMIC, the radio occultation techniques are already well established to monitor the shape of vertical electron density structure on global scale (Jakowski et al. 2011).

The quiet - time behavior of the ionospheric electron density peak height of the F2 region, hmF2, has been evaluated from average electron density profiles and analytically modeled by the Spherical Harmonic Analysis (SHA) technique following the same methodology as described by Altadill et al. (2009).