Sentences with phrase «as general circulation»

Sophisticated computer models, known as general circulation models, try to answer these questions by analyzing the climate system and forecasting its future.

Not exact matches

However, even the thinnest covers could reduce the air circulation as well as increase the general temperature inside the pram to the risky levels.

It is distorted if remnants from feudalism, such as primogeniture or entail, obstruct the free circulation of property, or if special privileges are granted to powerful groups, such as the «merchants and manufacturer» who try to influence legislation and present their own advantage as the general good of the country.

«With gun buy back events, we have the potential to take unwanted guns out of circulation as we continue our fight to make our communities safer,» Attorney General Eric Schneiderman said.

«As if the palpable odium of intiating a vacuous criminal charge against a whistle - blower, no less a person than a distinguished senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria was not bad enough, the prosecuting authority, obviously urged on by the Inspector General of Police, threw pretension to adherence to democratic tenets of the rule of law when it sought from the court, albeit most illegally, to obtain summons against Senator Misau, while deliberately witholding service of the copy of the charge on the Senator, an obvious stratagem conceived to frame up all manner of false allegations tailored to suit the obvious purpose of yet another gestapo strategy to use state powers to swoop on the Distinguished Senator and keep him out of circulation»

Mr. Jackson (also known as Sekou Molefi Baako) is an East Elmhurst resident with a long history of community service, including 36 years as Executive Director of the Queens Library's Langston Hughes Community Library and Cultural Center, a full - service, general circulation library with an extensive reference collection of materials related to African American history and culture, and a cultural arts program that offers a variety of programming of independent film video screenings, stage presentations, panel discussions, concerts, art exhibitions and more.

In the tropics, the general circulation consists of a north - south cell, known as the Hadley cell.

The study, aimed at quantifying the small - scale circulation that can not be captured by satellite - based altimeter measurements or general circulation models, has immediate practical applications to help better predict the path of catastrophic pollutant events, such as from future oil spills or nuclear disaster events.

As long as the Sun warms the surface of the earth non-uniformly, the atmospheric heat engine will continue to drive the general circulatioAs long as the Sun warms the surface of the earth non-uniformly, the atmospheric heat engine will continue to drive the general circulatioas the Sun warms the surface of the earth non-uniformly, the atmospheric heat engine will continue to drive the general circulation.

CMIP was established as a resource for climate modelers, providing a standard protocol for studying the output of coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation models so that these models can be compared and validated.

Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia3, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.

To derive the climate projections for this assessment, we employed 20 general circulation models to consider two scenarios of global carbon emissions: one where atmospheric greenhouse gases are stabilized by the end of the century and the other where it grows on its current path (the stabilization [RCP4.5] and business - as - usual [RCP8.5] emission scenarios, respectively).

Cess, R.D., et al., 1989: Interpretation of cloud - climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models.

Khairoutdinov, M., D. Randall, and C. DeMott, 2005: Simulations of the atmospheric general circulation using a cloud - resolving model as a superparameterization of physical processes.

Sitting is not only bad for your health in general but it also creates acute problems such as back pain, lack of glute muscle activation, reduced circulation, and stiffness in the hip joint.

It uses the same basic techniques as general massage, but it is tailored to improve wellbeing, relieve tenson, improve circulation, and relieve pain.

As the body attempts to maintain the integrity of the small intestinal lining at all costs, proteins that would ordinarily be used for normal growth and repair elsewhere may be appropriated instead for emergency repairs in the intestinal tract.45, 46 Furthermore, lectins consumed with the diet may travel through the damaged «leaky gut» into general circulation, provoking allergic reactions and immune system disruption.

Each year, beginning with the 1997 - 98 school year, each BOCES shall prepare a BOCES report card and shall make it available by appending it to copies of the proposed administrative budget made publicly available as required by law, making it available for distribution at the annual meeting, transmitting it to local newspapers of general circulation and making it available to parents.

Each board of education shall make its report card available by appending it to copies of the proposed budget made publicly available as required by law, making it available for distribution at the annual meeting, transmitting it to local newspapers of general circulation and making it available to parents.

Data from OverDrive's global library network will be made available to participating libraries and publishers, and includes information about eBook and digital audiobook title circulation, book demand, and holds as well as web traffic and general demographics.

For those who might not know, a recap: Adobe Digital Editions is widely used software in the ebook trade for both library and commercial ebook transactions to authenticate legitimate library users, apply DRM to encrypt ebook files, and in general facilitate the ebook circulation process — such as deleting an ebook from a device after the loan... Continue reading After Privacy Glitch, the Ball Is Now in Our Court →

Many of those countries employ foreign / private mints to mint coins for general circulation just as well.

«It is now widely known that the water vapor feedback in general circulation models (GCMs) is close to that which would result from a climate ‐ invariant distribution of relative humidity [Soden and Held, 2006], as long anticipated before the advent of such models [e.g., Arrhenius, 1896; Manabe and Wetherald, 1967].»

This term often requires additional qualification (e.g., as to whether or not the atmosphere is fully coupled to an ocean — see «Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model»).

«GCM — General Circulation Model (sometimes Global Climate Model) which includes the physics of the atmosphere and often the ocean, sea ice and land surface as well.»

However, it has been known since the earliest general circulation simulations by Manabe that as the Earth warms in response to increasing CO2, the precipitation increases much more slowly than Clausius - Clapeyron would suggest — typically only 2 - 3 % per degree of warming.

Of course also in ice cores you might then have special problems for the respective years such as particular accumulation or very specific circulation patterns that somehow compensate for the general cooling.

As noted in that post, RealClimate defines the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation («AMO») as, «A multidecadal (50 - 80 year timescale) pattern of North Atlantic ocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulationAs noted in that post, RealClimate defines the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation («AMO») as, «A multidecadal (50 - 80 year timescale) pattern of North Atlantic ocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulationas, «A multidecadal (50 - 80 year timescale) pattern of North Atlantic ocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulations.

Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.

It appears other general circulation model fixes are required as there is a fairly long list of unexplained anomalies.

An increased number of simulations using EMICs or Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) that are the same as, or related to, the models used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these periods.

27, pp.115 - 139, (1989).2 R. D. Cess et al, «Interpretation of cloud - climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models», Science, Vol.

People convinced as to the accuracy of AO - GCM (Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model) simulations may believe that these provide acceptable estimates of S, but even the IPCC does not deny the importance of observational evidence.

But certainly models with such a grand name as «General Circulation Model», would include average diurnal atmospheric circulation patterns in tropics, and diurnal and seasonal patterns at latitudes outside the tropics, as well as heat transfer to the deCirculation Model», would include average diurnal atmospheric circulation patterns in tropics, and diurnal and seasonal patterns at latitudes outside the tropics, as well as heat transfer to the decirculation patterns in tropics, and diurnal and seasonal patterns at latitudes outside the tropics, as well as heat transfer to the deeper ocean.

Computer simulations of the climate, referred to as «general circulation models» (GCMs), can be used to assess the sensitivity of climate to changes that might result from increased greenhouse gases.

This shift is caused by global climatic warming that leads to higher energy in the general circulation: The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)-- known more commonly as monsoon — increases in strength due to increased convection and convergence.

The fact that Wahl and Ammann (2006) admit that the results of the MBH methodology does not coincide with the results of other methods such as borehole methods and atmospheric - ocean general circulation models and that Wahl and Ammann adjust the MBH methodology to include the PC4 bristlecone / foxtail pine effects are significant reasons we believe that the Wahl and Amman paper does not convincingly demonstrate the validity of the MBH methodology.

The atmosphere and oceans, through their general circulation, act as vast heat engines, compensating for this imbalance by providing nonradiative mechanisms for the transfer of heat from the Equator to the poles.

«The authors write that «the notorious tropical bias problem in climate simulations of global coupled general circulation models manifests itself particularly strongly in the tropical Atlantic,»... they state that «the climate bias problem is still so severe that one of the most basic features of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean — the eastward shoaling thermocline — can not be reproduced by most of the IPCC assessment report models,... as they describe it, «show that the bias in the eastern equatorial Atlantic has a major effect on sea - surface temperature (SST) response to a rapid change in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMcirculation models manifests itself particularly strongly in the tropical Atlantic,»... they state that «the climate bias problem is still so severe that one of the most basic features of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean — the eastward shoaling thermocline — can not be reproduced by most of the IPCC assessment report models,... as they describe it, «show that the bias in the eastern equatorial Atlantic has a major effect on sea - surface temperature (SST) response to a rapid change in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMCirculation (AMOC).»

The fact that the Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models are not able to explain the post-1970 temperature increase by natural forcing was interpreted as proof that it was caused by humans.

Importantly, the changes in cereal yield projected for the 2020s and 2080s are driven by GHG - induced climate change and likely do not fully capture interannual precipitation variability which can result in large yield reductions during dry periods, as the IPCC (Christensen et al., 2007) states: ``... there is less confidence in the ability of the AOGCMs (atmosphere - ocean general circulation models) to generate interannual variability in the SSTs (sea surface temperatures) of the type known to affect African rainfall, as evidenced by the fact that very few AOGCMs produce droughts comparable in magnitude to the Sahel droughts of the 1970s and 1980s.»

More complex examples (General Circulation Models) attempt to represent everything — clouds, air movement, rain, shrinking ice, ocean heat, as well as the interaction between all these things, which in effect define climate — as well as use archive information to model climates from the past, in order to make predictions for the future.

«The NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX - GDDP) dataset is comprised of downscaled climate scenarios for the globe that are derived from the General Circulation Model (GCM) runs conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and across two of the four greenhouse gas emissions scenarios known as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs).

As a response [and as consequence of an increase in the general circulation] on average dry regions would get drier, and wet regions would become wetteAs a response [and as consequence of an increase in the general circulation] on average dry regions would get drier, and wet regions would become wetteas consequence of an increase in the general circulation] on average dry regions would get drier, and wet regions would become wetter.

All the General Circulation Models, also known as Global Climate Models (GCM), just set various evaporation and precipitation parameters to achieve approximately the result:

Even if we can not readily find the cause for the «pause» — as it is sometimes called — we can be absolutely sure that it was not predicted by any of the dozens of the UN-IPCC's General Circulation Models (GCMs).

As quoted yesterday about Jastrow in David Randall's book General Circulation Model Development, Hansen writes

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They are also used as a boundary condition for atmospheric reanalyses and atmosphere only general circulation models (IPCC 2007).

As shown in Figure 9.3 of the Third Assessment of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the behavior of virtually every General Circulation Climate model (GCM) is the production of a linear warming, despite assumptions of exponential increases in greenhouse forcing.