Sentences with phrase «as ice on surfaces»

Rime forms when droplets of water vapor deposit directly as ice on surfaces.

As the ice on the surface of the Arctic Ocean melts away, there is a smaller area of white ice to reflect the Sun's heat back into space and more open, dark water to absorb it.

Not exact matches

The new system could potentially supply the power human crews on the Martian surface would need to energize habitats and run processing equipment to transform resources such as ice on the planet into oxygen, water and fuel, NASA said.

1) Mix flour, butter and icing sugar in a bowl using two knives to cut the butter until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs 2) Add in the egg yolks and vanilla extracts and mix well, then add iced water until the dough starts to come together 3) Shape the dough into a ball on a cool, flat, floured surface 4) Flatten dough into a disc and then wrap in plastic wrap, and chill in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes 5) Meanwhile, peel, core and slice the apples into as thin slices as possible 6) Mix sugar and ground cinnamon powder with sliced apples and let it rest for a while 7) Pre-heat oven to 180 deg cel 8) Once dough has chilled, roll pastry dough on a sheet of parchment paper until it has expanded to the size of the tart mold (I used a rough mold the size of a large pizza) 9) Leaving at least an inch of dough free, arrange apple slices by overlapping them slightly in the shape of a circle, starting from the outermost part of the circle, until you reach the inside 10) Fold the edges of dough over the filling and then sprinkle the dough with a bit of sugar 11) Bake for about 40 - 45 minutes, or until the crust is golden brown and the apples are soft 12) Serve warm, with a side of whipped cream or ice cream (optional)

Then, just as the surface gets too bad, out comes a bucket brigade; water on the ice supposedly lessens the friction.

It can be used as a concrete safe ice melt because it «lingers» on the surface it's applied to.

A little mineral crystal can act as a template, coaxing water molecules on its surface to organize into the hexagonal lattice of an ice crystal.

In areas that are both bright and cold, water ice may be present on the surface as frost.

Polar bears, the poster - child for climate change, are among the animals most affected by the seasonal and year - to - year changes in Arctic sea ice, because they rely on this surface for essential activities such as hunting, traveling and breeding.

The next smaller moon, Dione, takes center stage with its telltale ice cliffs visible as wisps on its surface.

The analysis is based on the fact that as the world warmed following the coldest part of the last ice age 20,000 years ago, the ice deep inside the Antarctic glaciers warmed more slowly than Earth's surface, just as a frozen turkey put into a hot oven will still be cold inside even after the surface has reached oven temperature.

After comparing it with domes on Earth, scientists now believe Ahuna Mons formed when a slushy mix of internal ice and natural antifreeze reached the surface along a duct — just as magma builds volcanoes on our planet.

Cassini also resolved a longstanding mystery about why one half of the moon's surface is 10 times as bright as the other: The leading hemisphere of the moon picks up dark debris that is warmed by the sun, while brighter ices condense on the colder, trailing hemisphere.

Using computer modeling to interpret images from NASA's Galileo satellite, Pappalardo and Barr demonstrated that acnelike markings on Europa's surface are probably bits of ice containing minerals such as chloride salts and sulfuric acid, which lower the melting point so the material can rise from deep below.

But last year, Arrigo and his team noted a proliferation of pools of water, known as melt ponds, on the surface of the Chukchi Sea ice, which were also a few meters thinner than in past years.

As ice crystals form on the inside wall of the container, you scrape them off and into the liquid with a hand - cranked metal dasher — hence the name scraped - surface heat exchanger.

DARMSTADT, GERMANY — The Rosetta orbiter on Wednesday dropped a spidery, three - legged robot the size of a small refrigerator and watched as it tentatively set down on a comet — the first time that the surface of these primordial balls of dust and ice has ever been explored.

Using spectral readings from telescopes at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, Hand has found high levels of oxidative chemicals such as sulfate, oxygen, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide on Europa's surface, which are produced as ionizing radiation from Jupiter scours it, splitting apart water molecules and sulfur compounds in the uppermost layers of its ice.

El Niño thus leaves its mark on the Quelccaya ice cap as a chemical signature (especially in oxygen isotopes) indicating sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean over much of the past 1,800 years.

In the case of the fruit the ice crystals you noticed on the surface of the fruit acted as the seed.

Ice shells of icy satellites can have warm interiors — approximately 0 degrees C — but surface temperatures as low as -200 degrees C -LRB--330 F), like on Saturn's moon Enceladus, though the team's apparatus does not reach that extremely low temperature.

Titan has diverse, carbon - rich chemistry on a surface dominated by water ice, as well as an interior ocean.

Data suggest that although the ice - rich rings have only 15 % of Chariklo's surface area, they reflect almost three times as much light on an area - to - area comparison.

Controlling this response is crucial to many applications, including 3 - D printing, the spraying of some surface coatings, and the prevention of ice formation on structures such as airplane wings, wind turbines, or power lines.

The study marks the first time that human influence on the climate has been demonstrated in the water cycle, and outside the bounds of typical physical responses such as warming deep ocean and sea surface temperatures or diminishing sea ice and snow cover extent.

They found, as expected, that one part of an InaZ protein on the bacteria's surface arranges water molecules into an orderly formation — getting them prepped to form ice.

A working group known as PALSEA2 (Paleo constraints on sea level rise) used past records of local change in sea level and converted them to a global mean sea level by predicting how the surface of the Earth deforms due to changes in ice - ocean loading of the crust, along with changes in gravitational attraction on the ocean surface.

Reductions in sea ice in the Arctic have a clear impact on animals such as polar bears that rely on frozen surfaces for feeding, mating and migrating.

Meltwater ponds formed on the surface of the Larsen B shelf and weakened the ice as they pushed downward, causing it to crack and splinter apart.

Much of this activity is enabled by the existence of volatile ices such as N2 and CO that are easily mobilized even at the extremely low temperatures prevalent on Pluto's surface, around 40 K.

Kattenhorn and Prockter saw ice volcanoes on the overriding plate, possibly formed through melting and absorption of the slab as it dove below the surface, and a lack of mountains at the subduction zone, implying material was pushed into the interior rather than crumpled up as the two plates mashed against each other.

Imagine a massive impact creating a wave of frozen ice and slush sloshing across the planet's surface, as though Jupiter had a few too many at a solar system pool party, tripped on Saturn's rings, and knocked the frozen margarita machine all over Mars» face.

On the other hand, if the ice shell is sufficiently thick, the less intense interior heat can be transferred to warmer ice at the bottom of the shell, with additional heat generated by tidal flexing of the warmer ice which can slowly rise and flow as do glaciers do on Earth; this slow but steady motion may also disrupt the extremely cold, brittle ice at the surface to produce the chaos regionOn the other hand, if the ice shell is sufficiently thick, the less intense interior heat can be transferred to warmer ice at the bottom of the shell, with additional heat generated by tidal flexing of the warmer ice which can slowly rise and flow as do glaciers do on Earth; this slow but steady motion may also disrupt the extremely cold, brittle ice at the surface to produce the chaos regionon Earth; this slow but steady motion may also disrupt the extremely cold, brittle ice at the surface to produce the chaos regions.

Bacteria, however, have remained Earth's most successful form of life — found miles deep below as well as within and on surface rock, within and beneath the oceans and polar ice, floating in the air, and within as well as on Homo sapiens sapiens; and some Arctic thermophiles apparently even have life - cycle hibernation periods of up to a 100 million years while waiting for warmer conditions underneath increasing layers of sea sediments (Lewis Dartnell, New Scientist, September 20, 2010; and Hubert et al, 2010).

«The assumption has been that surface ice on Mercury exists predominantly in large craters, but we show evidence for these smaller - scale deposits as well,» said Ariel Deutsch, the study's lead author and a Ph.D. candidate at Brown.

The key to all life as we know it, scientists have observed water on Mars's surface before as ice on its poles.

As nitrogen ice on the surface of the plain cools, it recedes, only to be replaced by a rising blob of nitrogen that has been warmed by Pluto's meagre internal heat source.

As a general matter, yes, but AIUI the increasing height (depth) of the ice face is the key factor for accelerating retreat of these glaciers since it creates more surface area for the warm water to work on.

The comet appears to have undergone visible changes, including the changes in the size and number of surface features such as smooth patches, pits, and craters, and the loss of ice vaporized by the Sun or blasted off its surface by the Solar Wind into its tail as well as failing back on the object like snow, so that it appears to shrink, on average, by 25 to 50 centimeters (9.2 to 19.7 inches) with each orbit around the Sun.

At the extremely low surface temperatures on these objects, water ice takes a disordered, amorphous form instead of the regularly ordered crystals typical in warmer areas, such as snowflakes on Earth.

On surfaces with a split coefficient of friction - patchy ice or standing water, for instance - DSC and Active Steering will compensate for the steering tug you feel as one set of tires grips harder than the other, which could be a lifesaver.

Provides the greatest benefit in critical driving situations such as turns, and is especially valuable when driving on mixed - surface conditions such as snow, ice or gravel.

In normal driving situations ALL4 diverts up to 50 per cent of the engine's power to the rear wheels, rising to as much as 100 per cent in extreme conditions, such as on ice and snow - covered surfaces.

It also allows you to pull away smoothly and evenly, even on low ‑ friction surfaces such as ice, snow or wet grass.

Although StabiliTrak and other electronically controlled suspension systems might seem an almost required safety feature for cars driven on snow and ice, Young says that Florida's roads, especially after a summer rainstorm has brought oil to the surface, make the system just as valuable to drivers here.

Extensively tested on surfaces such as snow and ice, the Aventador S has improved adhesion detection to maximize grip in all conditions and enhance its handling capabilities.

A knob on the console lets the driver select normal highway driving; slick surfaces such as snow or ice; deep mud; sand; or rock - crawling.

Many of the comments we received arguing in favor of allowing ESC system disablement were, in fact, arguing for disablement of traction control to allow a vehicle to start moving on certain surfaces with low friction such as on snow, ice, or off - road conditions.

Traction control monitors front - wheel slippage, such as when starting on slick surfaces or patches of ice.

Of the remaining 28 trillion acre - feet of freshwater on or near the surface, two - thirds is locked up as ice.