Many human communities want answers about the current status and future of Arctic marine mammals, including scientists who dedicate their lives to study them and indigenous people whose traditional ways of subsistence are intertwined with the fate of species such
as ice seals, narwhals, walruses and polar bears.
Not exact matches
As pack
ice disappears, they can't hunt the
seals that form the basis of their diet.
Make sure to leave about 1.5 inches at the top, because you will need to
seal the bag
as well allow room for the
ice to expand.
Seal the pint - size bags, removing excess air
as you do, and place it down inside the
ice so that the
ice cream bag is surrounded.
This granola is also great
as a topping for fruit or
ice cream or simply eaten by the handful like a trail mix and will keep for up to a month if stored in a
sealed container in your pantry.
Gold award winners included: Brazil's Froneri for a cardboard
ice cream cup featuring a PP in - mold label, closure with spoon inside and aluminum / PE
sealing; and Insignia Technologies for its Freshtag shelf - life indicator tag designed to change color over a pre-set number of days at a prescribed temperature, while the color change is faster when the temperature increases; and PPi Technologies for MosquitoPaQ, which uses a frangible
sealed pouch that allows consumers to mix and activate the dry and wet chemicals at the time of use, without having to pour out or touch the contents; after activation, consumers hang the pouch nearby and leave it alone
as the repellent is released over the course of 15 days.
Other scientists have documented true
seals using their pawlike forelimbs in stereotypically terrestrial ways, too, such
as using the claws to dig out lairs in
ice or uncovering buried fish from the seafloor.
These bears hunt the fat - rich
seals that feed and breed around
ice, and
as seal habitat shrinks, so do the bears» prospects.
The bears» feeding strategy involves swimming from the mainland to and between offshore
ice floes, poaching
seals as they come up to breathe at holes in the
ice.
Six groups of
seals threatened by shrinking sea
ice are gaining protections,
as their habitats are forecast to shrink significantly due to global warming
This may well have been the case: the Norwegian
sealing vessel Samson, which had no radio, was firing off rockets
as it weaved its way through the
ice.
Climate change models predict that the Arctic sea
ice will continue to shrink in a warming world (
as much
as 40 % of the
ice is expected to be gone by midcentury), and the resulting changes — including later formation of
ice in the autumn, rain falling on the snow, and decreasing snow depths — will make it increasingly difficult for the
seals to construct their snow caves, NOAA says.
AS POLAR bears roam the Arctic sea
ice hunting
seals, they are wasteful with their energy.
As Arctic sea
ice melts earlier each year, polar bears in some parts of Norway and Greenland are abandoning
ice floes for dry land and their favorite meal —
seals — for seabird eggs.
With
ice freezing later and thawing earlier, polar bears can't stock up on
seal meat for
as long, leading hungry animals to search for food in populated areas.
Gases captured and
sealed in snow
as it compresses into
ice can provide researchers with snapshots of Earth's atmosphere going back hundreds of thousands of years.
Polar species, including the polar bear,
ice - dependent
seals, and emperor penguins are especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change
as their unique sea
ice habitats shrink due to warming.
As if to
seal the case, in early 2017, Cassini discovered silica grains and hydrogen gas in the
ice plumes above Enceladus, indicating there must be hydrothermal vents on the floor of the subsurface ocean.
These magnificent animals are facing unprecedented threats
as a warming climate and loss of their sea
ice habitat make it more difficult for the bears to hunt prey like
seals and find dens for their cubs.
Because they depend on sea
ice to hunt
seals, the polar bear is considered threatened
as global warming melts and thins
ice in this region.
To keep moisture and
ice from forming on your outside mirrors, place large Ziploc bags over them and
seal them up
as much
as possible.
Veteran naturalists such
as author Stefan Lundgren lead hikes past penguin colonies, Zodiac land excursions, and kayak tours through
ice floes, where you'll spot leopard
seals and the occasional orca.
Whales would surface beside our kayaks, leopard
seals would ignore us
as we floated by their
ice flows, penguins would peck at our legs when we explored the sea shore and the icebergs and glaciers were huge.
The orcas were able to successfully knock the
seal off the
ice, and just
as they were closing in for the kill, a magnificent humpback whale suddenly rose up out of the water beneath the
seal.
Her work showed that polar bears, while best known for their life at sea or on sea
ice pursuing
seals, have been able, at least in some circumstances, to gain significant nutrition on land
as well, scarfing down geese and goose eggs, grasses and other fare when sea
ice is in retreat.
Also,
as warming temperatures limit
seal hunting opportunities on the
ice, adult male polar bears will likely fare the best, securing the best sites from smaller bears (females, subadults).
Some evidence of this may be the well - known behavioral (
as well
as genetic) similarities between the two species — such
as grizzlies able to hunt
seals on the
ice and polar bears able to hunt and capture caribou on land.
What doesn't make sense is: gigantic mega-brained predators patterned like pirate flags who eat everything from sea otters to whales and spend hours batting thousand - pound sea lions into the air specifically to beat them up before drowning and shredding them; who wash
seals off
ice and crush porpoises and slurp swimming deer and moose — indeed, seemingly any mammal they come across in the water; yet who have never so much
as upended a single kayak and who appear — maybe — to bring lost dogs home.
However, should these changes involve extinction of key species — such
as polar bears, walruses,
ice - dependent
seals and more than 1,000 species of
ice algae — the changes could represent a point of no return.»
In a very cold environment, the
ice is too thick in most places for
seals to penetrate and make breathing holes, and the bears suffer
as a result.
(08/20/2013)
As sea
ice levels continue to decline in the northern hemisphere, scientists are observing an unsettling trend in harp
seal young mortalities regardless of juvenile fitness.
Polar bears are dependent on sea
ice as a platform for hunting
seals, and
as a pathway to coastal areas.
Polar bears like this one are excellent swimmers but use floating sea
ice as pathways to coastal areas and
as platforms from which to hunt
seals.
As Arctic sea
ice melts earlier and freezes later each year, polar bears have a limited amount of time to hunt their historically preferred prey — ringed
seal pups — and must spend more time on land.
Sealing time of air bubbles at best about 70 years and mixing with ambient air through diffusion all that time, chemical changes thereafter, different diffusion rates for different gases thereafter...
ice cores are a target - rich environment for casting of doubt about how well they perform
as global temperature proxies.
Today, I'll take a look at sea
ice and ringed
seal habitat in the Gulf of Boothia and M'Clintock Channel,
as well
as information from a study on polar bear diets, which together shine some light on why the Gulf of Boothia is such a great place for polar bears.
As the BRT stated, «Research suggests that, during the time of whelping and nursing, bearded
seals prefer areas where the percent concentration of sea
ice is > 25 %.
Melting
ice during our recent interglacial, known
as the Holocene, has been good for
seals.
As the BRT reported, bearded
seals prefer foraging in open
ice cover where the sea floor is less tan 100 meters deep.
Due to the advantage of accessing the sea floor
as soon
as dwindling sea
ice permits, bearded
seals are frequently associated with 70 to 90 % sea
ice concentrations.
Each winter bearded
seals in the Pacific sector migrate southward
as winter
ice prevents access to their favored feeding grounds.
Bearded
seals are in competition with other benthic (sea floor) feeders, walrus and gray whales, who likewise migrate into the Arctic
as the
ice melts.
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) rely on sea
ice for roaming, breeding, and
as a platform from which to hunt
seals.
Ecological covariates associated with survival suggest that the decline may be
as a combined result of short - term and local density dependence, stabilization of harp
seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) numbers and declining
ice conditions.
The loss of sea
ice can only have knock - on effects for Arctic creatures, such
as polar bears, which cross onto the sea
ice to hunt for their favoured prey,
seals.
Mammals and birds utilize sea
ice as haul - outs during foraging trips (
seals, walrus, and polar bears in the Arctic and
seals and penguins in the Antarctic).
Few people know that Arctic ringed
seals (Phoca hispida, aka Pusa hispida) give birth and breed in the offshore pack
ice in the spring,
as it is seldom mentioned by either
seal or polar bear specialists.
Shallow snow cover over birthing lairs, which are built against pressure ridges
as shown in the diagram above (considered to be less than 25 - 32 cm over the lair, or less than 20 cm over flat
ice), 1 can mean the snow caves are easier for polar bears to break into (and consume the pup)-- that's good news for polar bears (in the short term) but bad news for ringed
seals.
However,
as you'll see by the sea
ice thickness maps below, there may be good reason for the lack of ringed
seal lairs, and a general lack of
seals except at the nearshore lead that forms because of tidal action: the
ice just a bit further offshore
ice looks too thick for a good crop of ringed
seals in all three years of the study.
That includes records of bird migration patterns and the dates that cherry trees bloom,
as well
as analyses of air bubbles
sealed inside glacial
ice cores and of the shells of foraminifera, single - celled sea creatures.