Sentences with phrase «as indirect observations»

Its weakness is that it is comprised of parents» and teachers» surveys, which as indirect observations, have the weakness of being susceptible to subjective judgments.

Not exact matches

Those observations, using the ginormous Gemini 8 - meter telescope, were among the first exoplanets directly imaged (as opposed to inferred using indirect techniques), and they made up the first exoplanet solar system ever directly seen.

Creel's paper was seen as damning evidence against wolves, but his results were based on indirect observations.

It is very difficult to extract direct information about these types of movements from indirect observations,» such as those that don't use imaging technology, he says.

An adjustment is necessary because as climate models are continually evaluated against observations evidence has become emerged that the strength of their aerosol - cloud interactions are too strong (i.e. the models» «aerosol indirect effect» is larger than inferred from observations).

All successful chimpanzees who used the same method as model A may have been directly influenced by this model during the observation period, but indirect influences may also have occurred during the test trials, if new performers watched each other.

Designed as an instrument for assessing students specifically for Applied Behavioral Analysis and discrete trial training, it is an observational instrument that can be completed through interview, indirect observation, or direct observation.

Initial condition uncertainty arises due to errors in the estimate of the starting conditions for the forecast, both due to limited observations of the atmosphere, and uncertainties involved in using indirect measurements, such as satellite data, to measure the state of atmospheric variables.

While it is impossible to know what decisions are made in the development process of each model, it seems plausible that choices are made based on agreement with observations as to what parameterizations are used, what forcing datasets are selected, or whether an uncertain forcing (e.g. mineral dust, land use) or feedback (indirect aerosol effect) is incorporated or not.

There are no studies yet to confirm unambiguously that the GCM estimates of the radiative impact associated with the second indirect effect can be interpreted in the strict sense of a radiative forcing (see Sections 6.1 and 6.8.2.2), and very few observations exist as yet to support the existence of a significant effect.

(a) Document a minimum of twenty - four hours of academic preparation or board approved continuing education coursework in counselor supervision training including training six hours in each area as follows: (i) Assessment, evaluation and remediation which includes initial, formative and summative assessment of supervisee knowledge, skills and self - awareness; components of evaluation e.g. evaluation criteria and expectations, supervisory procedures, methods for monitoring (both direct and indirect observation) supervisee performance, formal and informal feedback mechanisms, and evaluation processes (both summative and formative), and processes and procedures for remediation of supervisee skills, knowledge, and personal effectiveness and self - awareness; (ii) Counselor development which includes models of supervision, learning models, stages of development and transitions in supervisee / supervisor development, knowledge and skills related to supervision intervention options, awareness of individual differences and learning styles of supervisor and supervisee, awareness and acknowledgement of cultural differences and multicultural competencies needed by supervisors, recognition of relational dynamics in the supervisory relationship, and awareness of the developmental process of the supervisory relationship itself; (iii) Management and administration which includes organizational processes and procedures for recordkeeping, reporting, monitoring of supervisee's cases, collaboration, research and evaluation; agency or institutional policies and procedures for handling emergencies, case assignment and case management, roles and responsibilities of supervisors and supervisees, and expectations of supervisory process within the institution or agency; institutional processes for managing multiple roles of supervisors, and summative and formative evaluation processes; and (iv) Professional responsibilities which includes ethical and legal issues in supervision includes dual relationships, competence, due process in evaluation, informed consent, types of supervisor liability, privileged communication, consultation, etc.; regulatory issues include Ohio laws governing the practice of counseling and counseling supervision, professional standards and credentialing processes in counseling, reimbursement eligibility and procedures, and related institutional or agency procedures.