Sentences with phrase «as inhibitory»

In general, we consider positive thinking as facilitative and negative thinking as inhibitory At a more specific level, Beck (1976) described negative thinking in terms of certain cognitive distortions that make a person more prone to inappropriate behavior.

Within the central nervous system glycine works together with taurine and gamma - amino butyric acid (GABA) as an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

GABA or gamma - Aminobutyric acid, acts as an inhibitory or «relaxing» transmitter in the mature brain, inducing deep sleep and helping men and women balance the warming / cooling equilibrium.

In A. mellifera, the stop signal is thus best understood as an inhibitory signal that reduces waggle dancing.

In a study involving healthy older adults, Basak said, the biggest gains in brain function associated with video game training affected executive functions, such as working memory and the brain - organizing skills known as inhibitory abilities, and global cognition.

But perhaps more intriguingly, the researchers showed that including excitatory neurons — neurons that stimulate, rather than inhibit, other neurons» firing — as well as inhibitory neurons among the auxiliary neurons can not improve the efficiency of the circuit.

To do this, we observed neurons in this area, some of which encourage activity in their fellow brain cells, so - called excitatory neurons, and others that tamp down activity, known as inhibitory neurons.

A team headed by Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer from the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Zurich did now reveal which inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord are responsible for this control function: As the study published in the science journal Neuron shows, the control cells are located in the spinal dorsal horn and use the amino acid glycine as an inhibitory messenger.

Not exact matches

The return to fertility depends a lot on frequency of nursing, as well as what time of day the nursing is happening; many women find they begin ovulating again when their baby starts sleeping through the night (i.e., going more than 5 hours without waking to nurse), because nighttime nursing seems to have a greater inhibitory effect on the hormones of fertility.

But the activation is not as strong as that caused by real pain because inhibitory mechanisms normally dampen the response.

A cohort of ~ 40 pet Border Collie dogs were assigned to three different conditions, and tested in an intensive series of inhibitory control tasks, such as wait - for - treat, and cognitive measures, such as size constancy over a period of 18 months.

This region relates to what are known as executive functions, such as planning, decision making, inhibitory control, attention, and working memory.

By examining the brains of these mice, the researchers observed a substantial decrease in inhibitory CA2 neurons, as compared to a control group of normal, healthy mice — a change remarkably similar to that previously observed in postmortem examinations of people with schizophrenia.

As the player's inhibitory control improves, the game speed increases for an extra challenge.

Jakubowski contributed to a May 2015 study led by Nicolas Farrugia, a postdoctoral researcher with the Earworm Project, that demonstrated auditory and inhibitory - related areas play a role in earworms as well.

The two researchers proposed that inhibitory nerve cells in the spinal cord determine whether a pain impulse coming from the periphery, such as the foot, is relayed to the brain or not.

However, immune cells may be blocked by inhibitory molecules, which serve as checkpoints to alleviate or «turn off» the immune system response, Gu explained.

«We showed that ASD networks fail to produce inhibitory neurons and found that several receptors and neurotransmitters related to GABA (an amino acid that acts as a neurotransmitter) are misregulated on these neurons.

Bumetanide may enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA, and the drug has been used safely as a diuretic to treat a wide range of heart, lung, and kidney conditions.

«Normally, only pain receptors are involved in sending pain signals to the brain, but when the spinal dynorphin inhibitory neurons are lost, touch sensation are now perceived as painful,» says Goulding, holder of Salk's Frederick W. and Joanna J. Mitchell Chair.

The SA cells send inhibitory signals to ET cells situated near other glomeruli, close by as well as far and wide across the bulb.

Pollard thinks this is probably a sign of inhibitory signalling between groups of neurons as the brain prepares to shut down.

«As a result of screening about 200 compounds, we found that (3 - furyl) diphenylmethane (chem7), which is a triarylmethane that contains 2 phenyl groups and a furyl (a 5 - membered aromatic ring containing 4 carbons and an oxygen atom in the ring) group, had strong inhibitory activity on plant cell division,» says Ueda.

Importantly, individual classes of inhibitory neurons are quite sparse in the brain, so any unique features of those cells would likely have been lost in earlier studies that looked at the tissue as a whole.

Researchers from Hiroki Taniguchi's lab at the Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI) published a study in eNeuro in May 2017 showing for the first time that a unique type of inhibitory interneuron called chandelier cells — which are implicated in several diseases affecting the brain such as schizophrenia and epilepsy — seem to develop their connections differently than other types of neurons.

As a whole, a great deal of compounds exhibiting tyrosinase inhibitory capacities has been isolated on land.

Compounds belonging to the terpenes group revealed tyrosinase inhibitory activities due to different aspects including the position and relative configuration of the hydroxyl groups as well as the nature and numbers of sugar units as in cycloartane glycosides.

John Lew, associate professor in the Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, also participated in this study, as well as previous research that has demonstrated cinnamon extract's inhibitory effect on tau aggregation.

But as Hermeking explains, «Activation of IL - 6R upon binding of IL - 6 essentially disables this inhibitory mechanism.

The study showed that these brain abnormalities contribute in part to difficulty with inhibitory control — the ability to regulate self - control over temptations and impulsive behavior — which is related to mental health problems such as addictive behavior and attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

As we struggle to resist, inhibitory cognitive control networks involving the front of the brain activate to squelch the impulse by tempering its appeal.

Along the way the signal can be amplified by excitatory neurons such as pyramidal cells (PYRs) or dampened by inhibitory neurons such as SST and PV cells.

More recent reports have documented an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the growth of a microorganism) for vancomycin, referred to as vancomycin «MIC creep» (the development of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin).

The other inhibitory neuron — the stability neuron — sends a much weaker signal as long as any output neurons are firing.

The NLR family apoptosis inhibitory proteins (NAIPs) bind conserved bacterial ligands, such as the bacterial rod protein PrgJ, and recruit NLR family CARD - containing protein 4 (NLRC4) as the inflammasome adapter to activate innate immunity.

As expected, the volunteers appeared more aroused after excitatory TMS than inhibitory TMS.

So, for example, if one type of immunotherapy is used to knock out an inhibitory signal produced by a cancer, and the tumor responds by upregulating a second signal, an additional therapy could then be used to target this one as well, Lu says.

To see what was happening in the brains of these ankyrin - G mutant mice, the researchers analyzed the cell components in inhibitory synapses connecting with pyramidal neurons, finding that two proteins known as GAT1 and GAD67 — responsible for making the neurochemical GABA that dials back nerve impulses — were at much lower levels in the synapses on pyramidal neurons in ankyrin - G mutant mice than in normal mice.

In recent years, their work has led to the realisation that cortical inhibitory circuitry is directly involved in cognitive function, and that developmental disruption of the function of cortical interneurons might be linked to the pathophysiology of developmental disorders such as schizophrenia.?

Inhibitory neurons, also known as interneurons, are considered as the «orchestrators» of cortical circuits.

Researchers believe that this inhibitory process caused by an overabundance of alpha - synuclein is what occurs in the early stages of Parkinson's disease, before morphological changes such as the loss of function and death of neurons begins.

A child's musical background also appears to correlate with cortical thickness in «brain areas that play a critical role in inhibitory control, as well as aspects of emotion processing.»

Most of his work focuses on the pharmacologic manipulation of mammalian brain circuits which use the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system gamma - aminobutyric acid (GABA) as their chief signaling molecule.

As a postdoctoral fellow, he worked with Nobel laureate Alfred Gilman, and purified and characterized the inhibitory component of adenylate cyclase, Gi.

As both a practicing anesthesiologist and a scientist, Dr. Garcia became interested in preserving neuronal function in the perioperative period, the common links between natural sleep and anesthesia, and the restoration of functional circuitry after manipulation of inhibitory networks through drugs that sedate or make one unconscious.

These findings highlight the potential of Nav1.1 and inhibitory interneurons as a therapeutic target in AD and that disease - specific molecular optimization of cell transplants may be required to ensure therapeutic benefits in different conditions.

Two proteins that serve as critical inhibitory regulators downstream of the TCR are diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKζ), a regulator of Ras and PKC - θ signaling, and Casitas b - lineage proto - oncogene b (Cbl - b), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that predominantly regulates PI (3) K signaling.

Moreover, the inhibitory effects of niclosamide on cancer stem cells provided further evidence for its consideration as a promising drug for cancer therapy.

Targeting inhibitory proteins within cytotoxic T cells as a means to improve T cell activity against cancer has led to impressive clinical successes, but only in a minority of treated patients (1).

However, some reports show that MSC do constitutively express mRNA for cytokines such as IL - 6, -7, -8, -11, -12, -14, -15, -27, leukaemia inhibitory factor, macrophage colony - stimulating factor, and stem cell factor 148, 149.