Since the Human Rights Act 1998 many cases involving freedom of expression have been decided
as judicial reviews of decisions of public authorities.
Not exact matches
The importance
of the second and third issues is obvious for
decisions about a written constitution, which later was interpreted
as involving
judicial review of acts
of Congress, and for a federal union
of states having partial autonomy under a national government.
The
decisions of public bodies, such
as the Secretary
of State (and therefore
of RSCs where they assume the powers
of the Secretary
of State), local authorities and schools can be challenged by way
of judicial review and other appropriate proceedings in the High Court.
Undeterred, Friends
of the Earth, Solar Century and Home Sun then sought and obtained backing for a legal challenge from High Court Judge Mr Justice Mitting, who said ministers were «proposing to make an unlawful
decision» and
as a result the court would be «amenable to a
judicial review».
It also said that «the
judicial review was premature
as no
decision has yet been taken, and a
decision will only be taken after a full analysis
of the responses to the consultation».
We are now one
of a group
of test cases linked for
judicial review proceedings — challenging not only particular
decisions on ECF but the operation
of the scheme
as a whole.
restrict the right to an oral hearing in cases where the individual is seeking
judicial review of a prior
judicial decision, such
as the
decision of a bench
of lay magistrates or the parole board.
The respondents asserted (
as characterized by the court) that «the proper function
of judicial review is to determine whether the
decision itself was reasonable and whether the
decision makers had the jurisdiction to make the
decision.
Working with specialist lawyers across our firm in sectors such
as energy and environment, we provide high quality, pragmatic advice on the
judicial review of planning
decisions.
Acting
as pro bono counsel for Trevor Loke with respect to a
judicial review of the Minister
of Advanced Education's
decision to consent to a law school at Trinity Western University on the basis that such
decision violates his equality rights under the Charter.
Our specialist team
of lawyers advises on
judicial review of planning
decisions,
as well
as statutory challenges for claimants and defendants in the High Court, Court
of Appeal and Supreme Court.
He therefore concludes that the OMT programme can be
reviewed in this preliminary ruling, also because «the alternative — namely declaring an act such
as the OMT programme not actionable — would entail the risk
of excluding a significant number
of decisions of the ECB from all
judicial review merely on the ground that they have not been formally adopted and published in the Official Journal» (at 89).
Whereas the sources
of Ofsted and the secretary
of state's powers make their
decisions plainly amenable to
judicial review by Shoesmith, it is less clear that
judicial review is available
as a remedy against her employer.
However, if the
decision to dismiss is prima facie amenable to
judicial review, the conclusion
of Court
of Appeal that proceedings in the ET would not be
as effective for Shoesmith may be harder to challenge.
Courts on
judicial review do view expertise
as a valid doctrinal reason for deference, and are willing to put aside their own interpretation
of a statute in favour
of a
decision - maker's.
The primary issue in substantive
judicial review should always be what is the nature
of the question decided by the administrative
decision - maker and who
as between the judiciary and the executive or its delegates is best - suited to have the final say in answering it.
Again, Anisminic is sometimes taken
as authority for the proposition that unlawful administrative
decisions are nullities, that they never existed in the eyes
of the law, with the corollary that judges should not have any discretion to refuse
judicial review remedies.
In reaching this
decision, the High Court undertook a
review of past Singapore case law and legal commentary on the nature and purpose
of Article 34 (2)(a)(iii), ultimately deciding that «
as a matter
of policy, to hold that Art 34 (2)(a)(iii) does not apply, where no other limb under Art 34 (2) would be engaged, would allow an arbitral tribunal to immunize its awards against
judicial scrutiny by delivering its conclusions on both jurisdiction and merits in a single award», which would have been an «unsatisfactory result».
On
judicial review, courts are reluctant to second guess the
decision not to grant an adjournment,
as the discretion to permit or deny an adjournment «falls squarely within the discretion»
of the adjudicator: Senjule v. Law Society
of Upper Canada, 2013 ONSC 2817.
The respondent in
judicial review who seeks to defend the statutory
decision will usually assert that reasonableness be applied
as the standard
of review, such that the
reviewing court affords deference to the
decision and making it less likely the court will interfere with the
decision.
These findings on standard
of review are not only consistent with the overall trend in existing jurisprudence concerning the
judicial review of FOIP
decisions, but are also consistent with the trend towards reasonableness
as the standard
of review generally in substantive
judicial review of statutory interpretation by administrative
decision - makers.
As a pupil, Zac was also involved in: R (on the application of RWE Generation UK Plc) v Gas and Electricity Markets Authority [2016] 1 CMLR 17, a challenge against a decision modifying the charges imposed on users of the National Grid (as a pupil assisting Gerard Rothschild); Speed Medical Examination Services Ltd v Secretary of State for Justice [2015] EWHC 3585, a judicial review challenging reforms to the process for handling whiplash claims (as a pupil assisting Gerard Rothschild); and an application for interim relief by a company that had been redesignated under a European Union sanctions regime (as a pupil assisting Maya Lester
As a pupil, Zac was also involved in: R (on the application
of RWE Generation UK Plc) v Gas and Electricity Markets Authority [2016] 1 CMLR 17, a challenge against a
decision modifying the charges imposed on users
of the National Grid (
as a pupil assisting Gerard Rothschild); Speed Medical Examination Services Ltd v Secretary of State for Justice [2015] EWHC 3585, a judicial review challenging reforms to the process for handling whiplash claims (as a pupil assisting Gerard Rothschild); and an application for interim relief by a company that had been redesignated under a European Union sanctions regime (as a pupil assisting Maya Lester
as a pupil assisting Gerard Rothschild); Speed Medical Examination Services Ltd v Secretary
of State for Justice [2015] EWHC 3585, a
judicial review challenging reforms to the process for handling whiplash claims (
as a pupil assisting Gerard Rothschild); and an application for interim relief by a company that had been redesignated under a European Union sanctions regime (as a pupil assisting Maya Lester
as a pupil assisting Gerard Rothschild); and an application for interim relief by a company that had been redesignated under a European Union sanctions regime (
as a pupil assisting Maya Lester
as a pupil assisting Maya Lester).
First
of all, the Court was not convinced by the Opinion
of the Advocate General (AG) Jääskinen, who proposed that the
judicial review of all
decisions by the Petitions Committee must be precluded under Article 263 TFEU in so far
as those
decisions are not challengeable acts within the meaning
of that Article.
Simplified, one could conclude that while the negative
decision as regards the petition's admissibility is subject to full
judicial review of the EU judge, any subsequent
decision in regard
of a positive petition can not be challenged before the EU courts, regardless
of how the Parliament addresses the petition.
It was open in principle to the claimant to bring a challenge by way
of judicial review, on the ground
of breach
of legitimate expectation, to the defendant's
decision to terminate her tenancy, just
as it was open to her in principle to bring a challenge on Convention grounds against the defendant
as a public authority.
The management and allocation
of housing stock by a housing trust which is a registered social landlord under the Housing Act 1996, including
decisions concerning the termination
of a tenancy, is a function
of a public nature, with the effect that the registered social landlord is to regarded
as a public authority for the purposes
of s 6 (3)(b)
of the Human Rights Act 1998 and so is amenable to
judicial review on conventional public law grounds in respect
of its performance
of that function.
Acting, led by Hugh Mercer QC, instructed by Tim Russ
of Roythornes, for the Claimant in its
judicial review of the FSA's
decision to impose moratorium on the production
of desinewed meat, the European Commission joined
as an interested party.
Then,
as a firestorm was slowly emerging on social media, the Federal Court released a Statement in Response to the Canadian
Judicial Council's
Decision to
Review the Conduct
of Justice Robin Camp dated November 10, 2015.
65 ILCS 5 / 11-13-25 Any special use, variance, rezoning, or other amendment to a zoning ordinance adopted by the corporate authorities
of any municipality, home rule or non-home rule, shall be subject to de novo
judicial review as a legislative
decision, regardless
of whether the process
of its adoption is considered administrative for other purposes.
In Cuozzo, Justice Breyer noted that appeals may be available when PTAB
decisions fail to comport with due process, when the
decision goes beyond the «statutory» limits
of the AIA, such
as when the
review is premised on a violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112 (which is not a ground for invalidity available in IPR proceedings), or other
judicial «shenanigans.»
In the end, the court was ruling on a
judicial review of an administrative
decision, and did not see it
as «appropriate in such a case to issue declarations that [religious] rights have been breached,» says Tucker.
Today, Sir Stephen Silber (sitting
as a Deputy High Court Judge) dismissed a
judicial review challenge brought by a consortium
of developers and private landlords against the
decision of the London Borough
of Croydon to introduce a selective licensing scheme for all private landlords in their borough: R (Croydon Property Forum Limited) v. London Borough
of Croydon.
The Ontario Court
of Appeal has denied leave to appeal a
judicial review of a Human Rights Tribunal
of Ontario (Tribunal)
decision that found an employer's request for an Independent Medical Examination (IME)
as part
of the accommodation process reasonable in the circumstances.
In July 2017 Gurprit acted
as junior counsel in R (on the application
of Durand Academy Trust) v OFSTED and the Secretary
of State (2017) EWHC 2097 (Admin), an important
Judicial Review case; successfully challenging Ofsted's
decision to place a school in special measures.
Judicial review acts
as a safeguard against such
decisions and we have acted on both sides
of the argument, often involving an injunction to preserve the current position whilst the Court is ruling on the issue.
Described by Chambers & Partners
as «A high - profile team deserving
of all its praise», our Actions Against the Police, Civil Liberties and Human Rights team specialises in claims for false imprisonment, assault, malicious prosecution, discrimination, deaths in custody, and the
judicial review of decisions taken by public authorities.
Represented the United States Trade Representative (USTR)
as respondent in a
judicial review before the Federal Court
of Appeal brought by the applicants to question the
decision of the Canadian International Trade Tribunal in an antidumping and subsidy case where the tribunal held, in favour
of the USTR, that there was no injury to the applicants.
And this type
of analysis on
judicial review necessarily requires that adjudicative
decision makers provide adequate reasons, explaining their
decisions — and not leave it to the court to fashion possible reasons [16]-- and that there be a complete record — not just what was considered, but everything bearing on the matter that should have been considered, in the case
of legislative type
decisions such
as the adoption
of bylaws and rules.
In Dunsmuir, the Supreme Court set out to do two things: first, to simplify the standards
of judicial review by eliminating the patent unreasonableness standard, and second, to strike a balance between upholding the rule
of law — that is, ensuring that administrative
decision makers adhere to the law
as written by legislatures — and according sufficient deference to the administrative
decision maker to allow them to provide substantive «meat» to the legislative bones.
What this means is that when undertaking
Judicial Review functions on a reasonableness standard, the concern is centred on ``... the existence
of justification, transparency and intelligibility...», but where it can be shown that the
decision, however much a party such
as ATCO may not like it, still falls within a range
of possible, acceptable outcomes, Courts
of Appeal will be loathe to intervene.
Federal Magistrate Judge Andrew Peck's
decision in Da Silva Moore v. Publicis Groupe (Southern District
of New York, 2012) is considered the first official
judicial endorsement
of predictive coding
as a way to
review documents.
After the former Chief Commissioner
of the Alberta Human Rights Commission upheld the Director's dismissal
of Mr. Caron's complaint
as too trivial to justify a public tribunal hearing, Mr. Caron filed a
judicial review application seeking to quash the Commissioner's
decision.
Michael has appeared
as co-counsel on a number
of judicial reviews or appeals from
decisions of the administrative tribunals, including
decisions of the Ontario Municipal Board, the Ontario College
of Pharmacists, the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board and the Ontario Securities Commission
Consistent with these earlier reports, the Commission strongly favoured statutory appeals over
judicial review as a simpler mechanism for legal oversight that can be calibrated to address the particularities
of statutory tribunal
decisions, and recommended that legislation contain a right
of appeal on questions
of law (and in certain instances on questions
of fact) to the courts from the exercise
of statutory power with only a few exceptions.
He acted for HMRC in Proteus and Samarkand v HMRC -LRB-[2017] EWCA Civ 77), a
judicial review challenge to tax
decisions taken on film finance schemes; in Eastenders v HMRC [2014] UKSC 34, [2014] 2 WLR 1580 (which concerned the for use
of the power to detain goods under section 139
of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979); and in European Brand Trading v HMRC [2016] EWCA Civ 90 (
as to the jurisdiction
of the Upper Tribunal to determine whether seizure
of goods for non-payment
of excise duty was lawful).
It's going to take a more thoughtful approach to
decision writing, rather than simply including everything, perhaps
as a way
of «
judicial review - proofing»
decisions.
At least so long
as the laws and administrative
decisions invalidated on
judicial review are unconstitutional or illegal more often than not,
judicial review increases the government's overall compliance with the Rule
of Law.
On March 22, 2018, the Federal Court
of Appeal (Court) published its
decision in The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency, Operating
as Access Copyright v Canada, 2018 FCA 58, dismissing Access Copyright's application for
judicial review of a
decision by the Copyright Board (Board) certifying the royalties that provincial and territorial governments must pay Access Copyright for the reproduction
of copyright - protected works.
We are struggling to reconcile parliamentary sovereignty, which suggests giving effect to legislative attempts to insulate administrative
decision - makers from
judicial review, and the Rule
of Law, which,
as Dicey himself suggested, requires courts
of justice to apply the law.
We have wide experience
of coronial law, appearing in inquests
as well
as claims for
judicial review of coroners»
decisions.