Assessing What Matters: Literacy Design Collaborative (LDC) Writing Tasks
as Measures of Student Learning
SCALE is also completing a study — «Student Growth Study» — in two LDC sites, exploring the viability of using LDC writing tasks
as measures of student learning and growth.
We can use certain types of assessment
as measures of student learning (e.g., annual standards - based assessments, benchmark / interim assessments, end - of - course tests, end - of - chapter tests).
They are used
as a measure of student learning by all educators participating in the Educator Evaluation System.
Not exact matches
And, when research uses standardized tests to
measure homework's impact, she continued, it is difficult to gauge how much
of the overall improvement or decline in test scores is due to
student learning in the classroom context
as opposed to
student learning from homework.
As part
of Mass Audubon's Salt Marsh Science Project, scientists and
students have been
measuring the salinity (salt content)
of water at different depths to
learn whether Phragmites distribution within the salt marsh is controlled by ground water (water deep below the ground surface that is the source
of well and spring water) or interstitial salinity (water just below the ground surface from the tide).
Memorisation is being mistaken for
learning and high academic records
as a yardstick for
measuring the ability
of students» creativity.
No, the use
of student learning measures will continue to be part
of teacher evaluation
as required by state law.
To
learn more about the underlying causes
of intentional and unintentional mind wandering, Seli and University
of Waterloo colleagues Evan F. Risko and Daniel Smilek
measured rates
of these two types
of mind wandering in 113 university
students as they completed sustained - attention tasks that varied in difficulty.
University
students who
learned the Transcendental Meditation technique showed an improvement in general health
as assessed by the Duke Health Profile (composed
of physical, mental, and social
measures) after three months, in contrast to groups
of students from two other universities who did not
learn the Transcendental Meditation technique.
The public release
of these ratings — which attempt to isolate a teacher's contribution to his or her
students» growth in math and English achievement,
as measured by state tests — is one important piece
of a much bigger attempt to focus school policy on what really matters: classroom
learning.
A second study, recently published in the Proceedings
of the National Academy
of Sciences (PNAS) by Gary Chamberlain, using the same data
as Chetty and his colleagues, provides fodder both for skeptics and supporters
of the use
of value - added: while confirming Chetty's finding that the teachers who have impacts on contemporaneous
measures of student learning also have impacts on earnings and college going, Chamberlain also found that test - scores are a very imperfect proxy for those impacts.
As the state notes
of its system, «A central tenet
of AchieveNJ is that educators are never evaluated on a single factor or test score alone, but on multiple
measures of both effective practice and
student learning.»
As advocated by the 22 - member panel chaired by former Gov. Lamar Alexander
of Tennessee, both bills would expand the Congressionallymandated National Assessment
of Educational Progress to provide state - by - state data,
measure learning in more core subjects, include out -
of - school 17 - year - olds, and provide a larger sampling
of private - school
students.
After extensive research on teacher evaluation procedures, the
Measures of Effective Teaching Project mentions three different measures to provide teachers with feedback for growth: (1) classroom observations by peer - colleagues using validated scales such as the Framework for Teaching or the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, further described in Gathering Feedback for Teaching (PDF) and Learning About Teaching (PDF), (2) student evaluations using the Tripod survey developed by Ron Ferguson from Harvard, which measures students» perceptions of teachers» ability to care, control, clarify, challenge, captivate, confer, and consolidate, and (3) growth in student learning based on standardized test scores over multipl
Measures of Effective Teaching Project mentions three different
measures to provide teachers with feedback for growth: (1) classroom observations by peer - colleagues using validated scales such as the Framework for Teaching or the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, further described in Gathering Feedback for Teaching (PDF) and Learning About Teaching (PDF), (2) student evaluations using the Tripod survey developed by Ron Ferguson from Harvard, which measures students» perceptions of teachers» ability to care, control, clarify, challenge, captivate, confer, and consolidate, and (3) growth in student learning based on standardized test scores over multipl
measures to provide teachers with feedback for growth: (1) classroom observations by peer - colleagues using validated scales such
as the Framework for Teaching or the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, further described in Gathering Feedback for Teaching (PDF) and
Learning About Teaching (PDF), (2) student evaluations using the Tripod survey developed by Ron Ferguson from Harvard, which measures students» perceptions of teachers» ability to care, control, clarify, challenge, captivate, confer, and consolidate, and (3) growth in student learning based on standardized test scores over multipl
Learning About Teaching (PDF), (2)
student evaluations using the Tripod survey developed by Ron Ferguson from Harvard, which
measures students» perceptions of teachers» ability to care, control, clarify, challenge, captivate, confer, and consolidate, and (3) growth in student learning based on standardized test scores over multipl
measures students» perceptions
of teachers» ability to care, control, clarify, challenge, captivate, confer, and consolidate, and (3) growth in
student learning based on standardized test scores over multipl
learning based on standardized test scores over multiple years.
The NEPC report uses badly flawed
measures of school performance that provide little information about how much
students learn as a result
of attending K12 schools.
The NEPC report paints a dismal picture
of student learning at K12 - operated schools, but the fatal flaw
of the report is that the
measures of «performance» it employs are based primarily on outcomes such
as test scores that may reveal more about
student background than about the quality
of the school, and on inappropriate comparisons between virtual schools and all schools in the same state.
Instead we need to be doing what an increasing number
of schools like another Arizona - based school, the Carpe Diem Collegiate High School and Middle School, are doing and disrupting that flawed paradigm by implementing online
learning to create a
student - centric system — not to increase costs for the community through bond
measures or otherwise,
as the article reports — but to use existing resources to prioritize
student learning and achieve great results.
Do not use attendance
as a metric for success Seat - time and
student attendance are the incorrect
measures of success in a world in which
learning can happen anywhere and at any time and are at odds with other good language and goals in the executive summary (see Sec.
Thus, it can only be viewed
as a great good thing that two dozen deans
of education schools have come together under the banner
of «Deans for Impact» and committed themselves to a common set
of principles, including data - driven improvement, common outcome
measures, empirical validation
of teacher preparation methods, and accountability for
student learning.
Right now we are using proxy
measures, such
as whether a teacher has a major in the subject he or she teaches, but that does nt get at whether the
students of that teacher are
learning.
To the extent the program involves
student achievement, it bases awards on «
student learning objectives»
as «created by individual teachers, with the approval
of site - based administrators»; these objectives «will be
measured by a combination
of existing assessment instruments, and teacher designed tools,»
as well
as by state standardized tests.
For example, several
of the 13 dimensions
of teaching expertise were
measured using
student surveys, with questions such
as, «An important reason why I do homework is because I like to
learn new things,» or, «I do my schoolwork because I'm interested in it.»
This points to a desperate need to move toward a competency - based
learning system that
measures and rewards individual
student growth,
as well
as an underlying shared
learning infrastructure that allows the country to identify each unique
student in a consistent way — so that when he or she moves geographies, the
student's record does
as well — and to keep track
of what that
student knows and can do in a consistent way across geographies.
The tricky research question is how to
measure the impact
of that professional
learning on actual classroom practice and,
as a result, on
student learning.
As Thomas Kane and his colleagues have shown (see «Photo Finish,» research, Winter 2007), the best
measure of teacher quality in any given year is how much
students learned from that same teacher the preceding year.
But, unfortunately, evidence from both the United States and other countries shows that more school resources and smaller classes do not have much
of an effect on how much a
student learns in school,
as measured by tests
of achievement.
As Gareth Mellor from SAM
Learning explains, «
As of September this year, these new
measures will be mandatory in all UK schools; it's important that all teachers fully understand it before it is rolled out, otherwise we have to question how beneficial it will really be for
students.»
The amount
of learning that has occurred can be
measured as the progress or growth that
students have made.
Our results suggest that traditional public schools did not respond to competition from charter schools by becoming more effective, at least
as measured by the
learning gains made by individual
students in the years immediately following establishment
of charter schools.
Inquiry - science intervention;
measured impact
of an urban instructional intervention in grades 3 - 5 using matched pre - and post-tests found substantial
learning gains and a cumulative effect
as students participate over several years.
The evidence from South Carolina shows that voters do at least sometimes evaluate school board members on the basis
of student learning trends
as measured by average school test scores.
We analyzed test - score data and election results from 499 races over three election cycles in South Carolina to study whether voters punish and reward incumbent school board members on the basis
of changes in
student learning,
as measured by standardized tests, in district schools.
The authors suggest that other states
learn from «the danger
of relying on statewide test scores
as the sole
measure of student achievement when these scores are used to make high - stakes decisions about teachers and schools
as well
as students.»
The paper called a competency - based model «workable only insofar
as its
measures of learning yield trustworthy data about
students» prospects for future success.»
A good teacher is now recognized
as someone whose
students learn and grow, with 38 states revising their policies on educator effectiveness to include
measures of student growth or achievement
as one
of multiple factors in teacher evaluations.
Teachers know that standardized tests are not perfect
measures of what their
students have
learned, just
as they know that the assessments they develop for their own use are not perfect
measures.
In essence, therefore, our two
measures of teaching quality reflect, in the first case, value added (or «deep
learning») that is transferrable to subsequent classes in the subject, and, in the second case, inspiration,
as indicated by the ability to convert
students to a subject that they had not previously planned on studying in depth.
As Bauerlein notes, this was a pretty radical shift for grantees used to evaluating programs by handing out questionnaires to
students at the end
of the program «that
measured their attitudes and enjoyment» and not «
learning outcomes.»
A 1995 study by Carl Glickman, a University
of Georgia professor,
of 820 high schools and 11,000
students reported that schools in which active
learning methods were predominant had significantly higher achievement
as measured by the National Assessment
of Educational Progress.
The dysfunctional nature
of how urban schools teach
students to relate to authority begins in kindergarten and continues through the primary grades.With young children, authoritarian, directive teaching that relies on simplistic external rewards still works to control
students.But
as children mature and grow in size they become more aware that the school's coercive
measures are not really hurtful (
as compared to what they deal with outside
of school) and the directive, behavior modification methods practiced in primary grades lose their power to control.Indeed, school authority becomes counterproductive.From upper elementary grades upward
students know very well that it is beyond the power
of school authorities to inflict any real hurt.External controls do not teach
students to want to
learn; they teach the reverse.The net effect
of this situation is that urban schools teach poverty
students that relating to authority is a kind
of game.And the deepest, most pervasive
learnings that result from this game are that school authority is toothless and out
of touch with their lives.What school authority represents to urban youth is «what they think they need to do to keep their school running.»
CORE says it will expand
measures of a school's success to include factors reflecting social and emotional
learning — rates
of suspension, absenteeism and
as yet undefined gauges
of non-cognitive skills —
as well
as school climate and culture,
as measured by
student and parent surveys, rates
of identifying special education
students and the progress
of English learners.
As part
of C.M. Rubin's Top Global Teacher Bloggers, this is my response to this month's question: What should a holistic approach to
learning look like and how do we shift the focus from the accountability
measures in existence now to ones that are relevant for all
students in a changing world?
It was primarily about blended
learning and how blended
learning, especially its online component, can destroy the notion
of seat - time
as a
measure of how we move kids through school by giving
students the power to progress at their own rate.
The value - added
measures are designed to provide estimates
of the independent effect
of the teacher on the growth in a
student's
learning and to separate this from other influences on achievement such
as families, peers, and neighborhoods.
As the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) affords states the flexibility to decide how to measure student achievement, two reports released June 23 show that schools play a key role in developing students» soft skills such as beliefs about their intellectual capacity, sense of belonging at school, and eagerness to learn in the face of adversit
As the Every
Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) affords states the flexibility to decide how to measure student achievement, two reports released June 23 show that schools play a key role in developing students» soft skills such as beliefs about their intellectual capacity, sense of belonging at school, and eagerness to learn in the face of adv
Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) affords states the flexibility to decide how to
measure student achievement, two reports released June 23 show that schools play a key role in developing students» soft skills such as beliefs about their intellectual capacity, sense of belonging at school, and eagerness to learn in the face of adv
student achievement, two reports released June 23 show that schools play a key role in developing
students» soft skills such
as beliefs about their intellectual capacity, sense of belonging at school, and eagerness to learn in the face of adversit
as beliefs about their intellectual capacity, sense
of belonging at school, and eagerness to
learn in the face
of adversity.
However, if teachers are to be evaluated on the basis
of student tests, they must insist on individually administered examinations that
measure the school progress (
as opposed to home
learning)
of each child in the class.
Introduced in 2001, PIRLS is conducted every five years to
measure progress in the reading achievement
of students in Year 4,
as well
as trends in the associated home and school contexts for
learning to read.
Home schooling has gained wider attention and more - mainstream acceptance
as the numbers
of students learning at home doubled in the past decade — a trend driven in some
measure by the expansion
of online schooling options.
Earlier this year, weeks before
students were to take the state's standardized test, New York Commissioner
of Education MaryEllen Elia traveled around touting the state's exams
as a reliable way to
measure students» progress on New York's
learning standards, gave teachers a chance to vet the questions, and then tossed out time limits on the test.