As nitrogen ice on the surface of the plain cools, it recedes, only to be replaced by a rising blob of nitrogen that has been warmed by Pluto's meagre internal heat source.
Not exact matches
Watch
as we turn your flavors into
ice cream with the aid of a tank of
nitrogen!
The presentation is educational
as it explains how liquid
nitrogen can be harnessed to freeze fresh ingredients into
ice cream.
Once on that lowland, the bergs are carried along by the slow - flowing
nitrogen ice, often ending up clumped together in large groups (such
as the 60 - km - long Challenger Colles, upper right, a feature whose name honors the seven astronauts who died onboard space shuttle Challenger in 1986).
(Because water
ice is less dense than
nitrogen ice, bergs of such material would waft along just
as they would in Earth's seawater, the researchers explain.)
This process would play out during Pluto's decades - long seasons stretched across billions of years,
as summertime plumes of gaseous
nitrogen freeze out
as snow to become trapped
as wintertime
ice in Sputnik Planitia's giant basin.
The New Horizons probe revealed Pluto
as a colorful world, with a «heart» composed of
nitrogen and methane
ices.
Most likely it is
nitrogen ice, accumulated
as gases in Pluto's atmosphere freeze during its 60 - year - long winter.
Using sediment gathered from the ocean floor in different areas of the world, the researchers were able to confirm that
as the
ice sheets started melting and the climate warmed up at the end of the last
ice age, 18,000 years ago, the marine
nitrogen cycle started to accelerate.
With the icy planets in our solar system, «
ice» refers to hydrogen molecules connected to lighter elements, such
as carbon, oxygen and / or
nitrogen.
«More
nitrogen has to come from somewhere to resupply both the
nitrogen ice that is moving around Pluto's surface in seasonal cycles, and the
nitrogen that is escaping off the top of the atmosphere
as the result of heating by ultraviolet light from the Sun,» said Singer.
PLUTO»S heart looks surprisingly fresh, and flowing
nitrogen ice may be acting
as its fountain of youth.
Qiang Wei at Peking University in China and his colleagues calculated that
nitrogen ice, which is softer than water
ice, on Pluto's plains may flow like molasses to fill in craters
as they form.
El Bulli's menu features dishes such
as salty
ice cream, liquid olive, and a pistachio truffle cooled with liquid
nitrogen.
Using computer models, New Horizons team members have been able to determine the depth of the layer of solid
nitrogen ice within Pluto's distinctive «heart» feature — a large plain informally known
as Sputnik Planum — and how fast that
ice is flowing.
The new images are intriguing NASA astronomers with views of flows of
nitrogen ice spreading from mountains onto flat plains, possible dune regions, and networks of valleys carved into Pluto's surface by
as yet unknown materials.
Scientists think that in the «heart» region of Pluto (otherwise known
as Sputnik Planum), water
ice bedrock might be hidden underneath a thick blanket of other
ices made of methane,
nitrogen and carbon monoxide.
Their composition is concluded to be of water
ice as it a lot less dense than the
nitrogen ice carrying it away — hence they float!
The Triton moon orbiting Neptune, for instance, is nearly
as large
as Earth's moon, though
ice volcanoes dispersed throughout the celestial body give off
nitrogen frost, giving the moon a smoky appearance.
Previous flybys through the plumes have revealed that they contain water vapor,
ice particles, sodium, potassium, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and
nitrogen,
as well
as both simple and complex organics.
Through a process known
as convection, cooler
nitrogen ice located in the middle of the cells falls away, and is replaced by a rising globule of (relatively) warm material, which has been heated by Pluto's feeble interior heat source.
Two chefs combine foods in unusual ways in this extension of their cooking school, where the waiters know
as much about the food
as the chefs (a decided advantage,
as some of the items may need explaining)-- fillet cooked in a dishwasher, lamb shank cooked slowly in an electric blanket, or liquid
nitrogen boiled
ice - cream (at your table).
Showing an area that is 1,290 miles top to bottom, it details the enormous geological variety found on the surface, including mountain ranges, craters, floating hills, and rugged highlands,
as well
as the
nitrogen -
ice plain informally named Sputnik Planum.
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The paper, «Reconstruction of past atmospheric CO2 concentrations by
ice core analysis», acknowledges that, due to impurities, liquid water can exist
as low
as -50 deg C. Diffusion of CO2 into this water, due to its far higher solubility than
nitrogen and oxygen, will partially deplete the CO2 from trapped air bubbles.