On reflection we can see that the above argument for the internal relatedness of God as cognitive subject presupposes that there are alternative possibilities for God, at least with respect to what creatures, or what states of creatures, He has
as objects of knowledge.
If it is rebutted that we need not speak of the experience
as the object of knowledge of this reflexive awareness, then this view boils down to a recommendation for a radical shift in our understanding of what we mean when we speak of an «awareness of» or «knowledge of» something, a shift which is unwarranted.
Actually not every thing is equally related to the concept of knowledge and to know - ability, even though ii is also true that precisely as something and
as an object of knowledge it must somehow enjoy equal status with everything else with respect to conceptual comprehension.5 The differing internal relations of the objects of knowledge to the concept of knowledge establishes the relevance of these as philosophical objects.
This means that God, who is love (1Jn 4,8), loves all men as himself, and wishes to give himself to
them as the object of their knowledge and love.
The artwork of Laura Lima takes the body as its starting point, and integrates it as a material potential and
as an object of knowledge and sensibility, as just another element in the configuration of the work in space.
Hence the slow displacement from the expression of withdrawal — as in Bram van Velde's work — to a distanced analysis of painting by the painter as a predetermined code / language,
as an object of knowledge, in Supports / Surfaces» work.
Not exact matches
As an intellectual convert to the faith, it seemed obvious to him that since Christian theology claims the one God of all as its object, it is either universal knowledge or it is fals
As an intellectual convert to the faith, it seemed obvious to him that since Christian theology claims the one God
of all
as its object, it is either universal knowledge or it is fals
as its
object, it is either universal
knowledge or it is false.
To witness that Allah is One includes a perfect belief in Him
as the source
of creation and
knowledge and the
object of worship.
Knowledge is a later development
of consciousness and occurs only when consciousness reflects on itself by turning back upon itself and positing a former moment
of experience
as an
object of awareness.
No more does it help to suggest that God's value is wholly independent
of his relations to the world, whether
of knowledge or
of will, for this only means that the particular characters
of the
objects of his
knowledge, or the results
of his willing, are to him totally insignificant, which is psychologically monstrous and is religiously appalling
as well..
Regarding
knowledge of possibility, we can, for present purposes, avoid discussing the well - known difference between Whitehead and Hartshorne
as to whether God has a primordial vision
of all eternal
objects (possibility),
as Whitehead asserts, or whether God derives eternal
objects from the world,
as Hartshorne does.
But perhaps the most interesting idea to arise in this chapter is James's suggestion that the stream
of thought is made up
of bits
of knowledge or,
as James puts it, bits
of «sciousness», which include
knowledge of other
objects only, not themselves.
«Each «section»
of the stream, says James, «would then be a bit
of sciousness or
knowledge of this sort, including and contemplating its «me» and its «not - me»
as objects which work out their drama together, but not yet including or contemplating its own subjective being» (PP1 304).
If this were not the case, then these units
of consciousness would change, for added to the constitution
of the drop taken from the other
objects of knowledge there would have to be the
knowledge of itself
as distinguished from the
knowledge of its
objects.
This implies the recognition that subject -
object knowledge fulfills its true function only in so far
as it retains its symbolic quality
of pointing back to the dialogical knowing from which it derives.
His
object, therefore, the past event, is not only an eternal
object but also a necessary
object, an
object that must be what it is, and is known rationally in apprehending this necessity; Par.39: Applying these results to our
knowledge of nature: we regard nature
as a self - creative process and therefore creative
of eternal
objects.»
If one asks how the subject knows the
object, one has in brief form the essence
of theory
of knowledge from Plato to Bergson; the differences between the many schools
of philosophy can all be understood
as variations on this theme.
As being can never be studied as an independent object, the history of metaphysical thought can not be without implications for the history of being:» [E] very science goes through a process of historical development in which, although the fundamental or general problem remains unaltered, the particular form in which this problem presents itself changes from time to time; and the general problem never arises in its pure or abstract form, but always in the particular or concrete form, determined by the present state of knowledge or, in other words, by the development of thought hithert
As being can never be studied
as an independent object, the history of metaphysical thought can not be without implications for the history of being:» [E] very science goes through a process of historical development in which, although the fundamental or general problem remains unaltered, the particular form in which this problem presents itself changes from time to time; and the general problem never arises in its pure or abstract form, but always in the particular or concrete form, determined by the present state of knowledge or, in other words, by the development of thought hithert
as an independent
object, the history
of metaphysical thought can not be without implications for the history
of being:» [E] very science goes through a process
of historical development in which, although the fundamental or general problem remains unaltered, the particular form in which this problem presents itself changes from time to time; and the general problem never arises in its pure or abstract form, but always in the particular or concrete form, determined by the present state
of knowledge or, in other words, by the development
of thought hitherto.
Here is where Buber's terminology shows itself
as clearer than Heidegger's «Dasein ist Mitsein» (existence is togetherness) and Marcel's understanding
of knowledge as the third - personal
object of the dialogue between a first and a second person.
It is only when the symbolical character
of subject -
object knowledge is forgotten or remains undiscovered (
as is often the case) that this «
knowledge» ceases to point back toward the reality
of direct dialogical knowing and becomes instead an obstruction to it.
God is neither an
object of scientific investigation nor something that we can insert in the treasure
of our
knowledge,
as one mounts a rare stamp in a special place in an album — there it is, finest and costliest
of all.
I Let us follow John Wilcox in defining temporalistic or process theism
as any theism which portrays God
as an experiencing subject, the knower
of temporal processes, whose
knowledge is itself subject to growth, expanding along with the growth in temporal reality which is the
object of that
knowledge (2:295 a).
He is often said to have inaugurated the «subjective turn» — credited with recognizing that we have to start from an analysis
of consciousness and treat all the «
objects»
of our
knowledge as shaped, distorted, conditioned by our «subjective» filters.
If MacIntyre is captive to the terms
of this disjunction, it is because, with Aristotle, he fails to distinguish adequately two branches
of knowledge: eudaimonology, the
object of which is human happiness and the means to attain it; and ethics, the
object of which is human conduct in the light
of reason
as differentiating good from evil.
The ultimate
object of man wherein lies his greatest happiness in future life is to gain
knowledge of the realities
of things so far
as his nature allows, and do what is incumbent upon him.
The Enlightenment is white, male, European and rationalist, and is regarded
as a key agent in perpetrating imperialism, colonialism, racism and the exploitation
of the natural environment, The Enlightenment view assumes that we can possess
knowledge based on publicly recognized fundamental principles that enable us to engage the world
as an
object of investigation.
The attempt might even be made positively to recommend this fixing
of a terminological starting - point, by recalling that for Christian scholastic philosophy, too, in contrast to Platonic and Idealist philosophy, what first meets man's cognition and what he therefore rightly takes
as the starting - point and model case
of possible
objects of his
knowledge, is what is experienced by the senses and to that extent material.
And all the transcendental properties
of each and every existent can only be known
as necessarily belonging to every being, in an analogous and hierarchical manner, because they are implicitly affirmed in every act
of cognition
as necessarily belonging to every possible
object of knowledge by reason
of the very character
of a knowing subject.
If, on the one hand, this assertion is construed objectively,
as asserting that God is the eminent
object of experience, because the only individual other than ourselves whom we experience directly and universally, it can be shown to be true both literally and necessarily, on the understanding that such immediate experience
of God can become
knowledge of God, or even experience
of God
as God, only through the mediation
of concepts and terms.
First, he distinguishes from classical empiricism a revisionary description
of experience according to which sense perception is neither the only nor even the primary mode
of experience, but is rather derived from a still more elemental awareness both
of ourselves and
of the world around us» (PP 78).6 On Ogden's analysis, both the classical and this first type
of revisionary empiricism «assume that the sole realities present in our experience, and therefore the only
objects of our certain
knowledge, are ourselves and the other creatures that constitute the world» (PP 79) 7 With these «two more conventional types
of empiricism» he contrasts a «comprehensive» type
of revisionary empiricism distinguished from them by its consideration
of the possibility (and then also by its claim) that the internal awareness it asserts together with the former revisionary type is «the awareness not merely
of ourselves, and
of our fellow creatures, but also
of the infinite whole in which we are all included
as somehow one» (PP 87, 80, 85).
Our faith that these unintelligible
objects actually exist proves thus to be a full equivalent in praktischer Hinsicht,
as Kant calls it, or from the point
of view
of our action, for a
knowledge of what they might be, in case we were permitted positively to conceive them.
This question,
of course, was at least
as important to Locke
as the problem
of insufficient factual
knowledge regarding the interaction
of physical
objects.
Then when a particular situation occurs, God simply does what he had from all eternity decided that he would do in such a situation, which he had eternally contemplated
as possible.1 This view has important similarities to John Cobb's exposition
of Whitehead's view
of God's
knowledge of eternal
objects, though Cobb might not wish to claim that the primordial orderings
of eternal
objects are conscious,
as Creel claims about God's
knowledge of possibilities.2
I do believe they are considering little boys the ones they are feeding... and maybe those teenage ones will be able to look at a breast not only
as a
object of sexual desire but first the resource that mothers use (can use) to feed their children... what a wonderful gift
of knowledge and tolerance to give to them!
Moreover, Hartshorne affirms that he does not contradict himself when he asserts the additional twin theses that every concrete entity is a subject (or has
objects of knowledge) and that every such entity must be an
object for some (anyone will do) subject.31 Furthermore, he argues that only the panpsychistic doctrine
of an ocean
of subjects internally related to their
objects of knowledge can make sense
of our deeply ingrained conception
of the world
as a real nexus
of temporal succession
of cause - effect relationships.
The first is that,
as an instinctive Platonist, I naturally believe that every genuine act
of human creativity is simultaneously an innovation and a discovery, a marriage
of poetic craft and contemplative vision that captures traces
of eternity's radiance in fugitive splendors here below by translating our tacit
knowledge of the eternal forms into finite
objects of reflection, at once strange and strangely familiar.
Thus, in one sense, the physical world,
as the class
of all physical
objects, can be taken
as derivative from nature (when by nature we mean the phenomenalistic
object of perceptual
knowledge).
The bond is constituted through common interest in the
object of study; the student respects the teacher
as the possessor and mediator
of certain crafts, a body
of knowledge or an accomplished skill; he considers him worthy when this treasure is great and significant and when the teacher is willing to give
of it freely.
Ordinarily, culture is sub-divided into two categories, «material culture,» referring to the physical
objects people use, such
as clubs, pots and pans, automobiles, and «non-material culture,» describing such non-physical aspects
of human life
as ideas,
knowledge, language, and conduct.
That means they are curious and like to explore, but don't yet have some
of the necessary
knowledge to protect themselves from dangers such
as fire and heat, sharp
objects or dangerous digestives.
Recently, advanced cognitive researchers have been especially focused on the capacities
of abstraction, generalization, concretization / specialization and meta - reasoning which descriptions involve such concepts
as beliefs,
knowledge, desires, preferences and intentions
of intelligent individuals /
objects / agents / systems.
«
As we learn more about the sources for dust, we can gain additional
knowledge about the history
of the universe and how various stellar
objects within it evolve.»
Researchers from the US National Institute
of Mental Health who have been looking at where memories are stored now say that we keep our
knowledge about different properties
of objects, such
as colour and movement, in different places.
In medieval times, however, there was a widespread
knowledge of artists» materials that contributed deeper meaning to
objects such
as the Metz Pontifical (c. 1316) and the Macclesfield Psalter (c. 1330), both beautiful illuminated manuscripts now in the Fitzwilliam Museum,
as well
as the Thornham Parva Retable, which was also restored at the Hamilton Kerr Institute, and the Wilton Diptych, Richard II's iconic portable altarpiece.
«Our new observations have greatly improved our
knowledge of one
of the biggest, Makemake - we will be able to use this information
as we explore the intriguing
objects in this region
of space further.»
The Hubble results have revolutionized the state
of knowledge in virtually any branch
of astronomy — not that every good result comes from the HST, but
as these data are available publicly, they are used if ever possible; from planets, comets, and asteroids to stars, clusters, nebulae, and galaxies, every sort
of objects in the sky were investigated, often obtaining most revolutionary results.
NSO advances our
knowledge of the Sun — both
as an astronomical
object and
as the dominant external influence on Earth — by providing forefront observational opportunities to the research community.
To illustrate, this talk will focus on infants»
knowledge of objects, agents, and social beings, and on two new systems
of concepts that emerge quite suddenly at the end
of the first year: concepts
of objects as kinds whose forms afford specific functions for action, and concepts
of people
as social agents whose mental states are shareable experiences
of the things they act upon.
eLearning professionals should think
of learning
objects as small sharable «
knowledge packages» that include all related learning material needed to cover a specific learning objective
of the eLearning course.
Water was «read» by their mind, heart, sensorial attitude, into a valuable process
of transdisciplinary
knowledge.3 The visit to The Water Tower4
of the town and its museum facilitated the real
knowledge of the
objects and instruments that were used during the centuries by the rural and urban civilization concerning the use
of water; the creative workshops facilitated unexpected «meetings» between poetry, music and painting in the artistic imaginary frame
of water; the presentations revealed the magic powers
of the water
as they are known in folklore, mythology and also the astonishing Bible significations
of the water and its use in religious rituals; the scientific outlook on water brought forward for discussion its physical - chemical properties, its role in the human metabolism and in all living beings.