The perfume contains odors of smoke, gasoline, tear gas, burnt rubber, and decaying flesh and acts
as an olfactory critique on contemporary luxury branding and political im / possibilities.
The scent of previous elimination sites can function
as an olfactory cue for elimination behavior.
The part of our brains that processes smell, known
as the olfactory cortex, is closely linked to the amygdala, the section that processes and stores emotional memories.
Smelling nice is also very important
as the olfactory senses of a woman are very sharp and musk is a good option to get her snuggling up to you.
Each odor - detecting neuron (referred to
as olfactory sensory neuron from here on), chooses a single odorant receptor gene from a fairly large number of options that are split into class I (fish - like) and class II (terrestrial - specific) odorant receptors.
First, by the time Morganucodon was alive 190 million years ago, the brain was almost 50 % larger than in cynodonts, and areas that process smell, such
as the olfactory bulb, were distinctly larger.
These were clustered together in the same area of the brain
as olfactory memory neurons.
Not exact matches
It essentially acts
as an «electronic nose», and gives machines the power of smell by mimicking the human
olfactory system.
a.Perception of visual, auditory, tactile,
olfactory, or gustatory experiences without an external stimulus and with a compelling sense of their reality, usually resulting from a mental disorder or
as a response to a drug.
Just
as the flash that appears has
as its meaning the thunder with which it is associated, so the word «tree» has
as its meaning the visual,
olfactory, and tactual experiences of trees.
The problem about a duration isn't so much its relation to a particular percipient
as whether it is a visual or a tactual, an auditory, an
olfactory duration, or several of these.
Speakers and topics are yet to be announced but presentations typically include facets of sustainable winegrowing
as well
as subjects such
as wine sensory and
olfactory education, managing vine balance, and regional marketing.
«Just like Garrison Keillor saying all the children are above average, virtually everybody rates themselves
as average or above average in
olfactory sensitivity,» Pelchat says.
Brain scans of perfumers have found that the
olfactory parts of their brains actually grew more developed
as they got older, not the other way around,
as with most people.
Their research suggests that taste and
olfactory systems operate in utero within the amniotic fluid and that breast milk serves
as a sort of flavor bridge to the time of weaning.
Dogs have more types of
olfactory receptor than we do — but
as Mainland points out, cows have more than dogs (about 1,200 compared with 800) and it's not clear that cows are significantly better at smelling.
But
as we get older, this process slows, and the patches of nasal tissue without any
olfactory receptors get bigger.
Nevertheless, nearly every night between 9:00 and 11:00 p.m., he experienced a 20 to 60 - minute period of auditory, visual,
olfactory, and somesthetic (sense of touch) hallucinations,
as well
as pain and vasoconstriction in his fingers and toes.
Because a habitat may contain related moth species that use the same flowers
as nectar sources but different host plants to lay their eggs, the researchers would like to investigate whether odors that provide
olfactory cues to identify the best oviposition sites activate similar areas in the antennal lobe of these moths, or whether the functional atlas of the brain is different in each species.
In addition,
as with the human brain, the fly brain is compartmentalized into regions that process different sensory information (visual, acoustic,
olfactory), and it uses the same types of neurotransmitters
as humans.
As in mammalian
olfactory systems, sensory neurons responsive to the same kinds of odors converge in a spherical structure called the glomerulus.
But even more interesting was the space allocated to two huge
olfactory bulbs, which were almost
as large
as the rest of Sue's brain.
After analyzing the genes of about a thousand bats, the researchers studied the exact composition of the MHC genes
as well
as the molecular structure of three families of
olfactory receptor genes: TAAR2, TAAR3 and TAAR8.
Knowing these larvae respond to odors but not fully understanding the process by which they make decisions via
olfactory cues, scientists at UC Santa Barbara are using this model organism to study brain function
as it relates to behavior control.
Olfactory dysfunction is commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such
as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and is often a measurable sign of these diseases prior to the onset of their cardinal symptoms.
Without the dog, and its excellent sense of smell, acting
as a sentinel, humans could not have evolved the anatomy needed for language,
as this development left the human
olfactory system diminished.
Caffeine potentiated responses of mushroom body neurons involved in
olfactory learning and memory by acting
as an adenosine receptor antagonist.
As it happens, the
olfactory system actually has two parts: One detects general odors, and the other, the pheromonic system, detects very specific, strong odors given off by other animals (usually of the same species), typically related to fear or mating.
He often refers to the
olfactory parts of the brain
as the «Old Factory,»
as they are remarkably similar across species.
To answer these questions, the scientists focused on the two brain structures that act
as major
olfactory relays: the
olfactory bulb and the piriform cortex.
Recently, Jim and his students have been studying the
olfactory systems of different types of animals for evidence that the cerebral cortex
as a whole grew out of the
olfactory system.
As all three studied insect species emerged at different times in insect evolution, the scientists wanted to track the historical development of
olfactory receptors.
Lawrence Katz of the Duke University Medical Center and his colleagues discovered that once signals reach the accessory
olfactory bulb they are mapped out into distinct patterns of nerve cell activity that vary according to the traits that enable a mouse to identify desirable mates, such
as species and sex.
Ewald Große - Wilde and Bill S. Hansson and their colleagues from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena, Germany, have now taken a closer look at the
olfactory system of wingless insects, which − in evolutionary terms − are older than winged insects: the jumping bristletail Lepismachilis y - signata and the firebrat Thermobia domestica, which are both wingless,
as well
as the leaf insect Phyllium siccifolium, which is winged and was used
as a control.
«Local vegetation can mask the scent of flowers because the background scents activate the same moth
olfactory channels
as floral scents,» according to Jeffrey Riffell, UW assistant professor of biology.
The results imply there is likely some
olfactory component affecting humans on caloric restriction diets
as well.
«In living higher primates you find the opposite: the brain is very big, and the
olfactory bulb is very small, presumably because
as their vision got better their sense of smell got worse.»
They zeroed in on chemical compounds known
as volatiles that are released
as we chew and trigger a response in the
olfactory system, contributing to overall taste sensation.
Many other chemicals are capable of blocking ion channels, he says, and «there is reasonable, if not compelling, evidence that a reduction in excitation is
as much a part of the
olfactory [sense]
as excitation itself.»
These results also support the eventual use of
olfactory enrichment
as part of the daily routine for captive birds of prey.
This could be the remnants of a regular
olfactory system that devolved
as dragonfly vision improved, he says.
Once believed to lack a sense of smell, dragonflies and damselflies, such
as Ischnura elegans (pictured), possess
olfactory bulbs in their antennae that may help them track prey.
The animals had lost many
olfactory receptors, which detect odors,
as well
as urinary proteins, which can impact social status and mate choice.
Furthermore, the team revealed the evidence that the genes related to muscle strength
as well
as energy metabolism and sensory nerves, including
olfactory receptor activity and visual perception, appeared to be undergoing rapid evolution in the tiger.
They then tracked neurons
as they migrated from region to region of the brain and found that new neurons oriented in the direction of fluid flow rather than the direction of their ultimate destination in the
olfactory bulb.
This will bring us a step closer to new applications in mobile communication systems such
as sending
olfactory messages by smartphone or even the development of bioelectronic noses.
A more promising development is the growth of sensor technology (generally referred to
as artificial olfaction) that has led to the invention of numerous new types of
olfactory electronic sensors.
Loggerheads» (Caretta caretta, pictured)
olfactory systems can sense airborne odors, including food — could they sniff out nearby shores
as well?
For humans approximately two - thirds of these receptors are no longer functional, possibly a consequence of the reduced importance of
olfactory function for humans
as compared to rodents or dogs, for example.
And story number 4:
As part of the year long recreation of Darwin's voyage on the Beagle, an
olfactory scientist that is a smell researcher will explore how people respond to smell at each of the ships ports of call.