And the problem could spread beyond traditional places such
as ore processing sites.
Not exact matches
As miners deal with the reality of a prolonged slump in the iron
ore price, Fortescue Metals Group is quietly going about the business of building the state's third magnetite mine and
processing plant.
This means, to return to iron, if you understood China
as a growth «system», with its own logic, its liquidity channels, its institutional distortions, its balance sheets that embedded pro-cyclical or counter-cyclical tendencies, etc. you would have known that once the
process started, rebalancing was going to cause iron
ore prices (and prices of other hard commodities) to collapse, and I stressed,
as I often do, that I did not think the word «collapse» was overly dramatic.
Transport infrastructure constraints are primarily an issue for bulk commodities such
as coal and metal
ores; the volume of these commodities transported is large compared with
processed minerals, and strong growth in recent years has stretched existing transport capacity.
Of course, there will still be by - products — such
as the residual
ore, or tailings, from the mining and separation
as well
as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide from the chemical
process, along with that pesky thorium.
Thorium is typically found in the same
ore as rare - earth minerals and separated out during
processing.
From mining
ores to smelting to tempering alloys, the
process is energy intensive, and engineers have chased improvements about
as long
as steel has topped axes, formed armor and driven machinery.
It is amazing to think that the basic
process of extracting iron from its
ore is almost the same, if a little more sophisticated,
as it was in predynastic Egypt (3400 BC).
«These results have surprised us, and lead the way for many interesting applications such
as optimising the
processes for gold extraction from
ore and re-processing old tailings or recycled electronics, which isn't currently economically viable.»
Which is a good job, given the shortage of high - grade uranium
ore, the huge unmanageable risks associated with nuclear plants and nuclear proliferation, the large amounts of embedded carbon in uranium refining and
processing (and other GHG emissions from the nuclear industry), and the insanity of developing a huge strategic fuel dependence on countries such
as Russia.
It is most often used
as a fuel source in the
process of agglomerating iron
ore.
The Intex mine would use a
process known
as acid leaching to access the nickel
ore, producing several million tons of toxic waste, contaminating the island's water resources and destroying the tropical forests.
Epstein's
process has the potential to address a number of these issues by «creating an easily storable intermediate energy source form from metal
ore, such
as zinc oxide,» according to a release from the Weizmann Institute of Science.»
Other important components of the industrialized world such
as nickel and cobalt are not considered because they are part of the high temperature
processing of other
ore metals.
(PS interestingly, a more immediate constraint for some rarer elements is the finite demand for other elements,
as those rarer elements are mainly or exclusively obtained
as byproducts from the
processing of
ores of other elements.)
Using H2O
as a reducing agent in this
process led to the large - scale deposition of banded - iron formations, or BIFs, a source of 90 percent of present - day iron
ores.