Not exact matches
Today a raft of young «cleantech» companies is emerging to bring a wide range of green concepts to market in fields such
as biofuels, solar, wind, biomass, tidal power generation, conservation and many
other categories.
Hemp can also have applications in
biofuels as it can efficiently produce ethanol, biodiesel, and
other biofuel blends.
Cheaper than
other vegetable oils, another use for palm oil is
as a
biofuel.
Moreover,
as appetites for food and
biofuels — made with palm, corn, and
other plants — rise, more land is needed to accommodate agriculture.
As the pros and cons of
biofuels drag on,
other remedies are taking shape.
But the environmental price tag of
biofuels now joins the ranks of
other, cheaper domestic fuel sources — such
as coal - to - liquid fuel —
as major sources of globe - warming pollution
as well
as unintended social consequences.
As a result, 10 prominent scientists have written a letter to President Bush and
other government leaders urging them to «shape policies to assure that government incentives for
biofuels do not increase global warming.»
One of the major problems with
biofuels that algae could solve is space, since algae can yield
as much
as 100 times more fuel per unit area than
other so - called «second generation»
biofuel crops (e.g. non-food crops or non-food waste parts of food crops).
Still missing from consideration are the cost differences between electric vehicles and those with internal combustion engines,
as well
as other possible environmental effects of
biofuel technology such
as increased air pollution and water use.
Algae is a desirable
biofuel source because it doesn't compete with
other plants that serve
as sources of food.
But the thinking is that the carbon dioxide emitted by renewable sources will eventually get reabsorbed through photosynthesis,
as trees, corn, and
other biofuel sources grow back.
Understanding how this signaling pathway functions would allow for development of strategies to protect crops against climatic change and to improve photosynthesis so
as to generate
biofuels and
other valuable products.
Geobacter are naturally occurring microbes that have proved promising in cleaning up nuclear waste
as well in improving
other biofuel processes.
For example, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and
other bodies agree that the rush to grow
biofuels, justified
as a decarbonization measure, has raised food prices and contributed to rainforest destruction.
Now scientists have built an alien chef, capable of cooking from recipes written in artificial DNA to make novel proteins that might serve
as antibiotics,
biofuels or
other useful molecules.
That's because the core of making jet
biofuel is much the same
as the core of making conventional fuel: hydroprocessing, or the adding of hydrogen to existing hydrocarbons in order to remove oxygen and
other impurities
as well
as build the right molecule.
In the future we hope to apply the approach more widely to consider
other energy carriers such
as biofuels.»
Professor McGeehan said: «The engineering process is much the same
as for enzymes currently being used in bio-washing detergents and in the manufacture of
biofuels — the technology exists and it's well within the possibility that in the coming years we will see an industrially viable process to turn PET and potentially
other substrates like PEF, PLA, and PBS, back into their original building blocks so that they can be sustainably recycled.»
The researchers incorporated information on soot produced by burning fossil fuels, wood and
other biofuels, along with that naturally produced by forest fires and then checked their model predictions against global measurements of soot levels in polar snow from Sweden to Alaska to Russia and in Antarctica
as well
as in nonpolar areas such
as the Tibetan Plateau.
But each would - be jet
biofuel — maker faces
other challenges
as well.
But the
biofuel crop has already come in for criticism both because it is displacing cereals in
other places where it is grown, such
as Kenya and Tanzania,
as well
as requiring fertilizers to get good oil yields.
The new analysis found that conventional crops such
as corn had the highest yield of biomass that can be turned into
biofuel on marginal lands, although their ability to reduce CO2 is harmed by tilling, fertilizing and
other CO2 - producing activities necessary to turn them into fuel.
In contrast, the grasses and
other flowers and plants that grow naturally when such lands are left fallow — species such
as goldenrod, frost aster, and couch grass, among
others — can deliver roughly the same amount of
biofuel energy per hectare per year if fertilized, yet also reducing CO2 by more than twice
as much
as corn.
Biofuel brewers would prefer to convert either agricultural waste or
other nonfood plants, such
as trees and grasses, to fuels.
Researchers at Michigan State University have built a molecular Swiss Army knife that streamlines the molecular machinery of cyanobacteria, also known
as blue - green algae, making
biofuels and
other green chemical production from these organisms more viable.
Future technologies that need R&D: high - efficiency photovoltaics (say, 50 % conversion)(
as well
as lowering the cost of PV), energy storage systems for intermittent sources like solar and wind (hydrogen storage,
other methods), advances in
biofuel technology (for example, hydrogen production from algae, cellulosic ethanol, etc..)
Microarray analysis was performed at different time points to determine yeast genome - wide response when exposed to salt, acid, hypoxic conditions, and hydrogen peroxide,
as well
as ethanol, isopentenol, and
other biofuels candidates.
Interest in
biofuels — fuel derived from living organisms including biomass or their metabolic byproducts, such
as manure from cows — grew throughout the end of the twentieth century
as these are renewable energy sources, unlike
other natural resources such
as petroleum, coal, and nuclear fuels.
The need to address uncertainties applies to
other areas the analysis
as well, and we urge you to evaluate the increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers and herbicides associated with greater
biofuel production.
The results of these studies will be used
as leverage to help scientists control processes for hydrogen storage,
biofuel production, and
other reactions.
Last month Boeing, the Natural Resources Defense Council and
others in the airline industry announced the creation of a group to study the prospects for
biofuel jets, citing the oil - price volatility that has rocked the aviation industry,
as well
as efforts to cut carbon.
The advantage of isobutanol, he said, is that unlike some
other biofuels, it does not freeze at 15,000 feet and continues burning very well in the subzero temperatures
as high
as 35,000 feet.
Just
as incinerators often start out burning forestry waste, and end up using virgin wood once supply of «waste» runs out, so too anaerobic digestion plants may begin by using food waste, and end up utilizing forest products or
other «
biofuels» grown deliberately for the purpose.
While laying out several important wild cards (expanded farming of
biofuels among them), Ausubel and his co-authors see a reasonable prospect for conserving, and restoring, forests and
other stressed terrestrial ecosystems even
as humanity exerts an ever greater influence on the planet.
The work
as I understand it, (I have little contact it, and my closest colleague in
biofuels, Prof Alex Farrell, met an unexpected death last month) makes quite ao constrast with the Exxon $ $ to Stanford,
as the BP funds really hope to pry loose a way to mimic the way plants or termites or
other organisms make sugars and alcohols or another form of usable biomass WITHOUT disrupting food, land water etc..
Furthermore,
as significant
as that carbon sequestration by switchgrass is, there are farmers growing switchgrass and
other plants to raise cattle that have double to triple + the rate of carbon sequestration
as the switchgrass for
biofuel guys!
And the right thing simply can not include funding dirty energy and false solutions in any of their forms — fossil fuels and CCS, climate smart agriculture,
biofuels, waste incineration, nuclear energy and big dams (and surely a few
others as well).
Continued support for wind, solar and
other forms of green energy like
biofuel «represents total madness»
as these energy systems don't justify the massive costs of the subsidies required to support them.
This is the new face of the old threat — that new land - based mitigation techniques, such
as biochar, bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and
other types of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) geoengineering approaches,
as well
as old «solutions» like
biofuels, will compete with the use of land to feed people.
Risk Factors, proposed carbon policy and
other climate - related regulations in many countries,
as well
as the continued growth in
biofuels mandates, could have negative impacts on the refining business.
Some experts believe that algae is set to eclipse all
other biofuel feedstocks
as the cheapest, easiest, and most environmentally friendly way to produce liquid fuel.
It's now well - established that large - scale U.S. production of
biofuels such
as ethanol from corn has accomplished little or nothing (or even negative) in its stated goals of reducing oil dependence and cutting emissions of greenhouse gases, and has functioned instead
as a full - employment program for agribusiness (and a political production racket for Iowa and
other corn - growing states).
As an example, soot - free buses can be powered by a wide range of fuels including fossil diesel or compressed natural gas (CNG), biogas, or
other liquid
biofuels, and electric drive engines including hybrid drive, fuel cell, and battery electric drivetrains.
Carbon dioxide can then be stored terrestrially or under the world's oceans, or potentially utilized for
other purposes, such
as enhanced oil recovery, biochemical conversion into
biofuels, or for energy storage technologies.
Defines: (1) «renewable electricity»
as electricity generated from a renewable energy resource or
other qualifying energy resources; (2) «renewable energy resource»
as wind, solar, and geothermal energy, renewable biomass, biogas and
biofuels derived exclusively from renewable biomass, qualified hydropower, and marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy; and (3) «
other qualifying energy resource»
as landfill gas, wastewater treatment gas, coal mine methane used to generate electricity at or near the mine mouth, and qualified waste - to - energy.
As global demand for meat,
biofuels, and
other soy products has grown, the soybean market has kept pace.
In fact, since the RFS expanded renewable fuel volumes in 2007, over 1/3 of corn production and nearly 1/4 of the oil produced from soybeans have been diverted to
biofuels.1
As the EPA points out, «because many
biofuel feedstocks require land, water, and
other resources, research suggests that
biofuel production may give rise to several undesirable effects.»
Declaring that
biofuels are carbon neutral
as the EU and
others have done, erroneously assumes forest regrowth quickly and fully offsets the emissions from
biofuel production and combustion.
According to the IEA, global fossil fuel consumption subsidies are over twice
as large
as subsidies for renewable energy in 2015, which amounted to $ 150 billion globally — $ 120 billion for non-hydro renewables for power generation and about $ 30 billion for renewables in
other sectors, primarily
biofuels.
Taking action to produce cleaner operations and cleaner products takes money — and industry is spending it to invent substitute and less carbon - intensive fuels, by supporting technologies such
as wind, solar,
biofuels, geothermal and
others, and by improving efficiency and pursuing technologies such
as carbon capture and storage and advanced technology vehicles.