Sentences with phrase «as oxygen molecules»

Ruane works at Caltech's Exoplanet Technology Laboratory, or ET Lab, which is developing new strategies to scan for exoplanetary biosignatures, such as oxygen molecules and methane.

«Oxidants, such as oxygen molecules, deposit oxygen atoms into the bank.

Not exact matches

So far, they've found many familiar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as minerals like silicates and iron.

Like hydrogen, oxygen, and iodine, nitrogen normally exists as two - atom molecules in the form of a gas at room temperature.

Under pressure and heat, the dead creatures» long chains of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon - bearing molecules, known as polymers, decompose into short - chain petroleum hydrocarbons.

What differentiates this process from tradition biofuel production is the infusion of hydrogen — it removes the dilutive oxygen that most biofuels contain, leaving only the combustible isoparaffins and paraffins, which are indistinguishable from the molecules in refined petroleum.The only byproduct of the process is propane, which can be reintroduced into the production loop as a source of hydrogen.

These oxygens have a partial negative charge (as in the molecule of water) and the oxygen atom attracts the electrons of the bonds more effectively.

Once the nanoparticles are added and light applied, the water separates into hydrogen and oxygen almost immediately, producing twice as much hydrogen as oxygen, as expected from the 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio in H2O water molecules, Bao said.

Thriving in environments that lacked oxygen, they relied on compounds such as carbon dioxide, sulfur - containing molecules or iron minerals that act as oxidizing agents to break down food.

Beyond their immediate effects, VOCs react with other molecules in the air, such as oxygen and nitrogen oxides, to generate ozone as well as fine particulate matter.

To identify a truly Earthlike exoplanet with the potential for life, astronomers need to confirm three essential attributes: an atmosphere that contains life - supporting molecules such as oxygen and water, plus a size and mass similar to Earth's.

Kourosh Kalantar - Zadeh, an engineer at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in Australia, and his colleagues built plastic capsules about 2.5 centimeters long — about as long as a Jolly Rancher hard candy — that sniff out carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen gas molecules in the gut.

But if pushed to the limit, it just might be able to provide the first indication of life — a telltale molecule, such as oxygen, in the planet's atmosphere — on a super-Earth circling another star.

«As in our own atmosphere, where ultraviolet sunlight breaks molecules apart, ultraviolet starlight can break water vapour in the atmospheres of exoplanets into hydrogen and oxygen.»

The heat absorbed by water vapor and carbon dioxide is shared with all the nitrogen, oxygen and argon, because the latter molecules are always bumping into water vapor and carbon dioxide as they mix in the atmosphere.

Because nitric oxide breaks down very quickly, as soon as the chemical is no longer being produced, the oxygen molecules are again trapped by the mitochondria and are not available for the production of light.

Opposite charges attract, so water molecules tend to stick to each other as a positive hydrogen atom of one molecule attaches itself to the oxygen atom of its neighbour.

Fuel Cells Electricity from any source, such as solar, wind and even coal, can be used to break up water molecules into their hydrogen and oxygen components in a device called an electrolyzer.

I knew that heme, the oxygen - carrying molecule in hemoglobin, contained an iron atom within a porphyrin ring (for more information on porphyrin chemistry see this site at Washburn University), but Dr. Datta - Gupta and his laboratory technician attempted to chemically add different metals such as copper, magnesium, or manganese to porphyrins using column chromatography.

Ozone — a variety of oxygen — is one such molecule, and is seen as one of the possible tracers that may allow us to detect life on another planet from afar.

Using spectral readings from telescopes at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, Hand has found high levels of oxidative chemicals such as sulfate, oxygen, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide on Europa's surface, which are produced as ionizing radiation from Jupiter scours it, splitting apart water molecules and sulfur compounds in the uppermost layers of its ice.

Moreover, small amounts of singlet oxygen produced during metabolic reactions can act as a local signaling factor that oxidizes and modifies target molecules, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

Using the energy of the sun, they break the water molecules apart and use the hydrogen to create organic compounds like carbohydrates, leaving oxygen behind as a by - product.

A three - dimensional metal — organic framework with interpenetrating bridging ligands and guest molecules denoted as large balls (color codes: cadmium, dark magenta; chlorine, green; oxygen, red; nitrogen, blue; carbon, black).

By the way, this effect is most prevalent when the particles that do the scattering are smaller than the wavelength of light, as is the case for the nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the atmosphere.

In the «first stage» light is absorbed and used to produce energy molecules, with oxygen as a byproduct.

If there were too much UV light, no water could survive on the surface because the water molecules would break up and escape through the top of the atmosphere as hydrogen and oxygen gas.

That's because the core of making jet biofuel is much the same as the core of making conventional fuel: hydroprocessing, or the adding of hydrogen to existing hydrocarbons in order to remove oxygen and other impurities as well as build the right molecule.

Today, most phosphorus enters the world's ecosystems as granite and other rocks weather over time, releasing the molecule orthophosphate: a phosphorus atom linked to a hydrogen and four oxygens.

With the icy planets in our solar system, «ice» refers to hydrogen molecules connected to lighter elements, such as carbon, oxygen and / or nitrogen.

Substrate molecules, such as organic compounds containing double bonds, can extract oxygen atoms from this bank to produce oxidized products.

«A carbon monoxide molecule adsorbed onto the tip of the AFM «needle» leaves a single oxygen atom as the probe,» Fischer explains.

Joe Reiss, vice president of marketing at manufacturer American Science and Engineering (AS&E) in Billerica, Mass., says low - atomic - number elements such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen — common constituents of explosives — create a strong scattering effect visible in images that operators monitor on a screen yet discernible from the organic molecules in the human body.

That light is absorbed by the chlorine - based molecules, which then excite nearby oxygen molecules, creating a highly reactive form of oxygen, known as singlet oxygen, that rips apart nearby biomolecules and kills the tumor cell.

But organisms from humans to algae also have another clock that doesn't rely on rhythmic gene expression to keep time, but instead uses the rise and fall of the reactive oxygen molecules that are formed as natural byproducts of metabolism.

More research produced the answer: Vitamin C induced what is known as a Fenton reaction, causing iron to react with other molecules to create reactive oxygen species that kill the TB bacteria.

As you get even denser clouds, the carbon binds to oxygen creating carbon monoxide molecules — and at that point you can probe the cloud conditions that precede the collapse into a star.»

In this case, they form naturally as ozone — a high - energy oxygen molecule — reacts with carbon chains that have double bonds, forming a compound that has two reactive pairs of electrons.

In this sense, these particles scatter light much the same as do oxygen and nitrogen molecules.

It is also known that the interaction between blood vessels and neurons is essential for the correct development of the brain, as it allows the correct supply of oxygen and nutrients to neural cells and remove potentially harmful molecules.

Physiologist Dino Giussani and colleagues at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom theorized that hypoxia promotes harm in the womb primarily through stress caused when the low level of oxygen creates an overload of highly reactive molecules known as free radicals.

The reaction combines the hydroxyl molecule (OH, produced by reaction of oxygen and water) and carbon monoxide (CO, a byproduct of incomplete fossil fuel combustion) to form hydrogen (H) and carbon dioxide (CO2, a «greenhouse gas» contributing to global warming), as well as heat.

Porphyrins are produced as part of the normal process that makes an important molecule called heme, which is required to transport oxygen.

«When ozone reacts with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, it transfers its isotopic weirdness to the new molecule,» said Shaheen, who investigated this process of oxygen isotope exchange as a graduate student at the University of Heidelberg in Germany.

This Project Idea, created by MIT as part of the Science Buddies Academic Outreach Program, lets students explore cutting - edge methods for storing renewable energy by breaking up water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.

The catalyst acts as a chemical handler, shuffling around the water molecules» assets — electrons, hydrogen ions (protons), and oxygen atoms — to get the reaction to happen.

The race will then begin to find biomarker molecules, such as free oxygen, in the atmosphere of an Earth - like exoplanet.

It's conceivable that one will have an atmosphere containing molecules such as free oxygen that indicate biological activity.

Water molecules are shown as blue spheres, the four manganese atoms in purple, the calcium in green and the bridging oxygen atoms in red.

The prevailing theory is that this reduces damage to mitochondria occurring as a result of the reactive oxygen species generated within these organelles, with localized antioxidants soaking up reactive molecules before they can cause harm.