Sentences with phrase «as precipitation totals»

Specifically, this analysis is of the average of minimum and maximum daily temperature as well as precipitation totals.

Not exact matches

In western Tibet, annual snowfall totals have risen steadily since the 1990s, especially at higher elevations, as strengthening westerly winds bring more precipitation.

In stark contrast, between 5,000 to 8,000 feet in Montana, Idaho, and Arizona, from 75 to 78 percent of all stations report an increase in rain as a percentage of total winter precipitation.

The work, which covered 1936 - 2010, considered average monthly temperatures and total monthly precipitation for the water year (prior October to September) as possible predictors of annual streamflow.

Despite a near - average winter precipitation total for California, Oregon, and Washington, the record warmth caused most of the precipitation to fall as rain and not snow, which had implications on the drought intensification and water resource crisis during the warm months.

The CONUS autumn precipitation total was 8.38 inches, 1.50 inches above average, ranking as the 15th wettest and wettest since 2009.

In locations that are accustomed to getting snow during the winter, the total amount of snow each year is already decreasing as the planet warms from increasing greenhouse gases; the percentage of precipitation falling as snow is on the decline, with more of it falling as rain.

As you'd expect, that August was the wettest August since records began, receiving a total of 7.3 l / m2 of precipitation throughout the month.

During the period 1991 - 2005, the wettest May had a precipitation total of 24.4 mm which would still classify as notably dry relative to the norm in central and northern Europe.

As a consequence, even in regions or states where there is a strong increasing trend in heavy precipitation, the trend at an individual precipitation gauge that represents the official total for a city may be equivocal, flat, or even down.

Snowfall varies across the region, comprising less than 10 % of total precipitation in the south, to more than half in the north, with as much as two inches of water available in the snowpack at the beginning of spring melt in the northern reaches of the river basins.81 When this amount of snowmelt is combined with heavy rainfall, the resulting flooding can be widespread and catastrophic (see «Cedar Rapids: A Tale of Vulnerability and Response»).82 Historical observations indicate declines in the frequency of high magnitude snowfall years over much of the Midwest, 83 but an increase in lake effect snowfall.61 These divergent trends and their inverse relationships with air temperatures make overall projections of regional impacts of the associated snowmelt extremely difficult.

This is projected to occur even in regions where total precipitation is projected to decrease, such as the Southwest.1, 7,2

For the entire Northern Hemisphere, there is evidence of an increase in both storm frequency and intensity during the cold season since 1950,1 with storm tracks having shifted slightly towards the poles.2, 3 Extremely heavy snowstorms increased in number during the last century in northern and eastern parts of the United States, but have been less frequent since 2000.11,15 Total seasonal snowfall has generally decreased in southern and some western areas, 16 increased in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region, 16,17 and not changed in other areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, although snow is melting earlier in the year and more precipitation is falling as rain versus snow.18 Very snowy winters have generally been decreasing in frequency in most regions over the last 10 to 20 years, although the Northeast has been seeing a normal number of such winters.19 Heavier - than - normal snowfalls recently observed in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. in some years, with little snow in other years, are consistent with indications of increased blocking (a large scale pressure pattern with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.5 However, conclusions about trends in blocking have been found to depend on the method of analysis, 6 so the assessment and attribution of trends in blocking remains an active research area.

Precipitation occurs about once every seven days in the western part of the region and once every three days in the southeastern part.77 The 10 rainiest days can contribute as much as 40 % of total precipitation in a given year.77 Generally, annual precipitation increased during the past century (by up to 20 % in some locations), with much of the increase driven by intensification of the heaviest rainfalls.77, 78,79 This tendency towards more intense precipitation events is projected to continue in Precipitation occurs about once every seven days in the western part of the region and once every three days in the southeastern part.77 The 10 rainiest days can contribute as much as 40 % of total precipitation in a given year.77 Generally, annual precipitation increased during the past century (by up to 20 % in some locations), with much of the increase driven by intensification of the heaviest rainfalls.77, 78,79 This tendency towards more intense precipitation events is projected to continue in precipitation in a given year.77 Generally, annual precipitation increased during the past century (by up to 20 % in some locations), with much of the increase driven by intensification of the heaviest rainfalls.77, 78,79 This tendency towards more intense precipitation events is projected to continue in precipitation increased during the past century (by up to 20 % in some locations), with much of the increase driven by intensification of the heaviest rainfalls.77, 78,79 This tendency towards more intense precipitation events is projected to continue in precipitation events is projected to continue in the future.80

At the same time, however, for the continent as a whole, the agriculture sector, which is highly dependent on precipitation, is estimated to account for approximately 60 % of total employment, indicating its crucial role in livelihoods and food security derived through food access through purchase (Slingo et al., 2005).

Much of the precipitation fell as rain and heavy, wet snow, which allowed for higher totals.

With this in mind, and given how difficult it can be to dislodge deeply - entrenched ridging such as is currently being observed, I estimate that there is an above average probability that total precipitation for water year 2013 - 2014 will be below normal once again.

This is expected since a higher proportion of total precipitation falls as snow at the higher sites.

One measure of heavy precipitation events is a two - day precipitation total that is exceeded on average only once in a 5 - year period, also known as the once - in - five - year event.

Working with a total of 2,196 globally - distributed databases containing observations of NPP, as well as the five environmental variables thought to most impact NPP trends (precipitation, air temperature, leaf area index, fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, and atmospheric CO2 concentration), Li et al. analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of global NPP over the past half century (1961 — 2010).

Western Australia total reductions in autumn and winter precipitation could be potentially as high as 50 percent in the next 80 years.

In the model used by Groisman et al. (1999), the mean total precipitation is also proportional to the shape and scale parameters of the gamma distribution as well as to the probability of precipitation on any given day.

[ISPM 2.2 a] This is followed by a few examples of inconsistent regional trends, as well as a statement concerning a lack of trend in overall total precipitation.

All of these characteristics (except for the ocean temperature) have been used in SAR and TAR IPCC (Houghton et al. 1996; 2001) reports for model - data inter-comparison: we considered as tolerable the following intervals for the annual means of the following climate characteristics which encompass corresponding empirical estimates: global SAT 13.1 — 14.1 °C (Jones et al. 1999); area of sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere 6 — 14 mil km2 and in the Southern Hemisphere 6 — 18 mil km2 (Cavalieri et al. 2003); total precipitation rate 2.45 — 3.05 mm / day (Legates 1995); maximum Atlantic northward heat transport 0.5 — 1.5 PW (Ganachaud and Wunsch 2003); maximum of North Atlantic meridional overturning stream function 15 — 25 Sv (Talley et al. 2003), volume averaged ocean temperature 3 — 5 °C (Levitus 1982).

The indicators are based on daily maximum and minimum temperature series, as well as daily totals of precipitation, and represent changes in all seasons of the year.

But, during times of high aurora activity a process called EPP (Energetic Particle Precipitation) can produce as much as 50 % of the total NO production.

Note that this is only part of the story since, as far as we are aware, no one has yet investigated a counterintuitive parallel effect — condensation and precipitation will likely reduce the total lower atmospheric concentration of that ubiquitous greenhouse gas, water vapor, so increasing clear sky radiative cooling.

We saw an increase in total precipitation falling as rain rather than snow.

As the Earth warms, the amount of rain or snow falling in the heaviest one percent of storms has risen nearly 20 percent on average in the United States — almost three times the rate of increase in total precipitation between 1958 and 2007.