Sentences with phrase «as probability theory»

This field of study lies at the intersection of many mathematical fields, such as probability theory, analysis, combinatorics, and exactly solvable systems.

Not exact matches

Imagine: this theory claims that the tiniest, quantum - scale particles exist only as clouds of probability until they are actually observed.

In mathematics there is a theory known as «Theory of Probability&rtheory known as «Theory of Probability&rTheory of Probability».

Where the magisterium does not reject a secular doctrine as directly or indirectly opposed to Revelation, it can only note the degree of probability attributed to the theory by secular science, state this and take it into account for the purpose of its own reflections, but can not establish and pronounce upon it.

For it must be noted that the Church's magisterium as such can not and does not seek to attribute to itself any real competence to decide on the degree of intrinsic scientific probability of a theory in cases where it does not at least provisionally declare the theory to be contrary to the teaching of Revelation.

The physicist David Bohm, with guidance from Einstein, produced a «hidden variables theory», involving the idea that there might be unmeasurable variables which, if «unlocked», as it were, could predict those quantities exactly and also give the probabilities predicted by QM.

Appealing to confirmation theory and employing Bayes's Theorem of Probability Calculus, he has developed a cumulative - case argument for God's existence that he claims inductively justifies the existence of God as the best explanation for a wide variety of well - known data.

WORLD: Sorry once again, but science does not know everything or the quantum part would be figured out in finite terms rather than probabilities that's sound like we spent millions of dollars to get answers like «but teacher I was almost right, let me try some more»... and pre-big bang theories would be figured out and not quite as fantastical and humorous as they sound to average person.

In probability theory, a probability of one is referred to as «almost surely» and a probability of zero is «almost never».

Neither quantum theory nor any other scheme has yet produced a successful means of predicting in advance whether a given particle will be measured as spin - up or spin - down; only the probabilities for a large number of runs can be computed.

To do so, the researchers used and developed established methods such as analytical mathematics for the kinetics of gas properties and the Monte Carlo method — a stochastic method based on the theory of probability.

Due to the specific features of quantum theory, this set of numbers can not in general be interpreted as actual probabilities.

Decision theory — the tool of management that suggests making optimal choices by summing discounted future values over the probability distribution of all possible outcomes — is of limited usefulness, as are businesses» five - year plans.

«Charles Sanders Peirce once observed that in no other branch of mathematics is it so easy for experts to blunder as in probability theory.»

The instructional units are grouped by elementary, middle school, and high school level, and each grade cluster is categorized into topics such as: arithmetic, data analysis, fractions, geometry, and probability / patterns for elementary; pre-algebra, graphing / statistics, geometry, number theory, and interdisciplinary for middle school; and algebra, geometry, trigonometry, pre-calculus, Internet, science, and modeling for high school.

In item - response theory, the probability that a student will answer a given item correctly is assumed to depend on the student's ability and on the difficulty of the item, as expressed in a mathematical formula.

Furthermore, tools from mathematical variables such as probability, statistics, and economic theory have been a menace in financial mathematics.

As lenders use statistical equations and probability theory when underwriting loans, most commonly people with higher credit scores may qualify for lowest possible interest rates, longest durations, and highest loan amounts, while people with past credit problems may only get a chance to borrow modest amounts for a short period.

To support this idea, Khrennikov builds on a framework of contextual probabilities using agents as a way of overcoming criticism of applying quantum theory to finance.

Extreme Value Theory tells us (among other things) that when a probability distribution is ill - defined, don't assume that the highest value that you have seen is as high as it can get.

- the team has been adding weapons one by one because they want the same amount of attention for each weapon - the team learned that when they added two new weapons at once, one would end up getting overshadowed by the other - there were more new stages than returning stages because bringing back old stages would have little surprise - since they want to satisfy both new and returning players, they changed the order of stage additions - there weren't any major direction changes in balancing from Splatoon 1 - there have been more pattern combinations between weapons and stages, so there was more involved to balance them all - matchmaking is handled by getting 8 players with similar rank points, and then they're split by weapons - the rank point gap between S + players is bigger than ordinary players - only about one in 1,000 active players are in the S +40 to S +50 region in Ranked Battles - there's even less than one in 10 players that reach S +, while 80 % of the overall player base are in A or less - about 90 % of S + ranked players are within a + / -150 hidden ranked power range - rock was the popular genre in Splatoon, so they tried changing it for the sequel - they prioritized making good background music first before forming the band to play that music - the design team would make the CD jacket - like artwork afterwards - due to this, the band members would often change; some getting added while some others removed - Off the Hook is an exception, as they first decided they would be a DJ and rapper along with their visuals first - Off the Hook's song came afterwards - In Splatoon street fashion was the trend, but in Splatoon 2 they tried adding more uniqueness - the aim was to add Flow with ethnic clothing and Jelfonzo with high fashion - all Jellyfish in this world are born by splitting, which means Jelfonzo was born by splitting from Jelonzo - Jellyfish are like a hive mind - when they hold a wedding ceremony, they're just simply holding the ceremony - Jelonzo and Jelfonzo start gaining their own consciences so they can speak - Flow used her working holiday to go on a trip before reaching Inkopolis Square - during the trip, she met the owner of Headspace - the owner liked her, so she got hired to work there - Bisk has a unique way of speaking: anastrophe - the team tried to express him as an adult man - they made him into a giant spider crab because they wanted someone with high posture - he came from a cold country and broke up with his girlfriend to join a band - just like Flow, he became attracted to squids - Crusty Sean finally has his own shop, but he opened it because he's someone who follows the current trends - one of the trends happens to be people opening their own shops - drink tickets aren't stacked, but the probability is higher than a single brand - the music in Inkopolis Square changes depending on the player's location - sounds contribute to creating atmosphere in the location - the song at front of Grizzco Industries had an atmosphere that feels like some smell can radiate from the game screen - as for Salmon Run, they imagined it as a Japanese restaurant outside Japan that is not run by a Japanese person - each time the player moves between the shops, the game uses an arrange shift that shows the personality of each inhabitant - the arrangement in Shella Fresh is related to Bisk's guitar and mystery files that describe his past - with the Squid Sisters moved to Hero Mode, Off the Hook was put in charge in guiding battles and festivals - Bomb Rush Blush has an orchestra «because it would sound like the final boss» - the team wanted to express the feel of the story's real culprit with this music - the probability of each event occurring in Salmon Run is different - there are no specific requirements, meaning they're picked randomly - this means it's possible for fog to appear three times in a row - the Salmon have different appearances based on the environment they're raised in - if the environment is harsher, they would become large salmon - Steelheads and Maws have big bodies, while Scrappers and Steel Eels have high intelligence - Salmons basically wield kitchenware, but everybody else has a virtue in fighting to actually cook the Salmons - Grill is the ultimate form of this - when Salmons are fighting to the death, they can feel the same sense of unity - they would be one with the world if they were eaten by other creatures, and they also fight for the pride of their race - MakoMart is based on a large supermarket in America - the update also took place on Black Friday in America, which was why Squids are buying a lot of things in the trailer - Arowana Mall looks like it has more passages because there are changes in tenants and also renovation work - Walleye Warehouse has no changes at all, because the team wanted to have at least one map that stayed intact - the only thing different in this map is the graffiti, which is based on the winner of Famitsu's Squid Fashion Contest - all members in the band Ink Theory graduated from music university - they are well - educated girls who also do aggressive things - the band members wearing neckties are respecting the Hightide Era from the prequel - the team will continue adding weapons and stages for a year, and Splatfests for two years - the team will also continue to make more updates including balancing

... The book is also intensely practical, giving some of the best advice on how to harness your own subconscious I've ever read, as well as short and useful descriptions of probability theory for non-mathematicians, how to diagram interest curves, working with a team, and dozens of other topics.

In many spheres of science, such as physics, thermodynamics, probability theory, sociology and information technology, the term «entropy» is used to describe a movement towards chaos, to measure disorder.

Also, I note that by common usage the term «abrupt» (w.r.t. SLR) implies that «mainstream» experts would be surprised to observe such a response to AGW; nevertheless, the Earth's circulatory steams are inherently chaotic, and chaos theory clearly demonstrates that such systems can be subject to «strange attractors» that can increase the probability of occurrence of phenomenon towards the tail of a «fat - tailed» probability density function (PDF), such as that shown in Figure 3.

As it follows deductively from the precepts of probability theory, Bayes theorem is logically correct.

As a student of logic, surely you owe it to yourself to sooner or later read Jaynes» Probability Theory, the Logic of Science.

Or (as already commended above) E. T. Jaynes book Probability Theory, the Logic of Science.

As I recall, this is based on the theory that the structure of the black body surface is so complex that it has a continuous spectrum of oscillatory mechanisms and can thus radiate or absorb at any frequency with equal probability.

Where probabilities can be attached to different outcomes that may result from an adaptation measure, economic tools such as risk and portfolio theory allow us to choose the adaptation option that maximizes the expected net benefits, while allowing for the risks associated with different options.

In evidence theory, likelihood is assigned to an interval (referred to as sets), as opposed to probability theory where likelihood is assigned to a point - valued probability and a probability density function.

More generalized approaches such as plausibility theory and the Tesla evidence theory combine probability measures, probability measures, Dempster - Shafer belief functions, ranking functions and possibility and necessity measures.

As I understand it, the «consensus» opinion is based on quantified probabilities of that theory of cause - and - effect.

Nic writes «Given Forster & Gregory's regression method and observational error assumptions, the error (and hence probability) distribution for the resulting slope coefficient estimate can be derived from frequentist statistical theory, as used in science for many years.»

Given Forster & Gregory's regression method and observational error assumptions, the error (and hence probability) distribution for the resulting slope coefficient estimate can be derived from frequentist statistical theory, as used in science for many years.

Similiarly, if possibility theory admits that evidence can make an event «more likely», then the requirement to be able to rank scenario classes as more or less likely than each other leads to something that looks a lot like probability in the end, and the debates about whether a risk justifies action should depend on how one evaluates the evidence, and one's aversion to risk, rather than the terminology used to quantify risk (or not).

If you can quantify or at least set bounds on probabilities as well as costs, then it is no longer Pascal's Wager but a case of ordinary decision theory.

In other words, the proponent of a program or process would posit a theory, provide some suggestion as to a «probability» of correctness, with some basis for the theory and the estimated probability — and then actually test that theory and the correlating potential that the theory is wrong.

To identify documents, predictive coding uses techniques and tools such as: concept, contextual, and metadata searches; probability theory; relevance ranking; clustering; and, sorting and filtering by issue.

In a nutshell, the theory goes that if you know the probability of A given B, as well as the probability of A and the probability of B on their own, you can calculate the probability of B given A.