Permethrin belongs to the class of insecticides known
as pyrethroids and as such its mechanism of action is similar to all members of the group.
«Although laboratory tests can predict effects in the field, care should be taken when using the lab data for 303 (d) listing if alternative field data indicate that the organisms of concern are not affected by the constituent of concern, such
as pyrethroids,» said Stephen Clark, lead author of the Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry study.
The world still relies on the same class of insecticides, known
as pyrethroids, as it did in 1977.
Not exact matches
This potent spray even kills bed bugs that are resistant to the strong pesticide
pyrethroid, making it
as close to the best bed bug killer available
as possible.
As mosquitoes develop resistance to
pyrethroid insecticides, researchers are forced to look for alternatives
California, Weston said, doesn't want to return to using organophosphates such
as chlorpyrifos, which was banned from household use because of human health concerns, «but they want to control the use of
pyrethroids to minimize the environmental effects we document.»
Studies with lab animals have linked
pyrethroid exposure to damage of the thyroid, liver and nervous system,
as well
as impairment of behavioral development, changes in the immune system and disruption of reproductive hormones, according to the 2006 EPA review.
Also, the EPA this year is reevaluating
pyrethroids as part of its 2010 pesticide review.
Consumers can identify
pyrethroids in products by checking labels for compounds that end in «thrin,» such
as bifenthrin, permethrin and cypermethrin.
Roger Cook, director of the National Office for Animal Health, a veterinary drugs industry group, agrees that the pesticides must be disposed of carefully: «Right from the start,
pyrethroids have always been seen
as particularly hazardous to the aquatic environment.»
Investigators have found that H. azteca collected from sites influenced by agricultural / urban runoff are
as much
as 2 - times less sensitive to
pyrethroid insecticides than lab - grown H. azteca.
Pyrethroid - treated bed nets are acutely neurotoxic to mosquitoes, inducing symptoms such
as loss of coordination, paralysis, and violent spasms.
One result of
pyrethroid exposure often seen in laboratory tests is mosquito leg loss, a condition that has thus far been assumed to equate to mortality,
as females are not expected to blood feed.
We conclude that studies of
pyrethroid efficacy should not discount mosquitoes that survive insecticide exposure with fewer than six legs,
as they may still be capable of biting humans, reproducing, and contributing to malaria transmission.
Concentrated
pyrethroid or pyrethrin - based insecticides cause neurological stimulation in cats
as evidenced by muscle twitches, tremors, and seizures.
Although paresthesia may occur with any spot - on product, it is most commonly associated with products containing concentrated
pyrethroids such
as permethrin, cyphenothrin, and etofenprox.
Mite sprays containing
pyrethroids (synthetic pyrethrins) such
as Durakyl with resmethrin can be used.
If the toxicity is due to ingestion of pyrethrin /
pyrethroid, such
as from grooming behavior, bathing will do little to nothing to help.
Unfortunately, pyrethrins and
pyrethroids (especially permethrin) are not species - specific in their toxicity, meaning they can also cause severe and significant problems in pets, especially cats (who lack the liver enzymes necessary to process these compounds
as they are absorbed through the skin).
These safer alternatives are equally
as effective, or in many cases more effective, than the pyrethrin /
pyrethroid - based products.
Insecticidal collars are impregnated with active ingredients such
as permethrin,
pyrethroids, organophosphates, or flea growth - inhibiting substances such
as methoprene.