Sentences with phrase «as ribosomes»

This process takes place inside veritable macromolecular machines known as ribosomes, and starts by transcribing genetic information from a cell's DNA into transportable units known as messenger RNAs (mRNAs).

RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes, forms vital portions of ribosomes, and acts as an essential carrier molecule for amino acids to be used in protein synthesis.

And with many large, complicated molecules found in and around cells — uch as ribosomes, which turn genetic instructions into working proteins — scientists simply could not make that happen.

The new organelle is three times as large as a ribosome and may be just as important for the cell's functioning.

This new class of antibiotics works against TB by disrupting the function of a part of the cell known as the ribosome, which is responsible for protein synthesis.

Biology is rife with examples of modularity: the overwhelming majority of molecules in a cell is either part of an intracellular complex with modular activity, such as the ribosome, or participates in an extended (functional) module as a temporally regulated element of a relatively distinct process (e.g., signal amplification in a phosphorylation ‐ mediated signaling pathway).

As the ribosome moves down to the next codon, the correct tRNA molecule, complete with the correct amino acid, moves into place.

The mRNA is released from the nucleus and then enters another cellular body known as a ribosome.

Not exact matches

At the next stage, RNA molecules began to synthesize proteins, first by developing RNA adaptor molecules that can bind activated amino acids and then by arranging them according to an RNA template using other RNA molecules such as the RNA core of the ribosome.

«As with some other ribosome groups, we have a friendly sense of rivalry.

These RNA copies can then used to direct protein synthesis, but they can also be used directly as parts of ribosomes or spliceosomes.

«Under warmer temperatures, marine micro-algae do not seem to produce as many ribosomes as under lower temperatures.

Elongation factor P binds to the ribosome so as to position the initiator transfer RNA for the first bond formation.

They all use RNA molecules as messengers to transfer the information from DNA to cellular factories called ribosomes, which then build proteins, which in turn drive our metabolisms and form the structures of our cells.

The protein assembly line consists of microtubules that serve as train tracks on which the raw materials — including messenger RNA (mRNA)-- are carried to the protein - making machinery, called ribosomes.

This marks the second time in four years that the chemistry Nobel has been awarded to someone working with x-ray crystallography; in 2006 Roger Kornberg took the prize for detailing the structure of messenger RNA, which is the molecule that carries the information the ribosome uses to build proteins, such as insulin or hemoglobin.

Steitz shared the 2009 chemistry Nobel for his elegant elucidation of the three - dimensional structure and detailed function of the ribosome, the cellular organelle charged with the actual production of proteins as per the instructions of the genetic code.

This set includes various ribosome builders, as well as other proteins that process and transcribe ribosomal RNA, a necessary step before the ribosomes can be assembled and pushed out of the nucleolus.

Proteins roll off cells» assembly lines, the ribosomes, as long chains of links called amino acids.

They then separated the cells into two groups — those containing mRNAs associated with ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum, and those containing mRNAs associated with free - floating ribosomes in the neighboring fluid - filled space known as the cytosol.

A big clue about what's behind the disappearing honeybees, also known as colony collapse disorder, or CCD: May Berenbaum's team at the University of Illinois at Urbana — Champaign found that bees» ribosomes were torn up.

To find out why, computational biologists came up with a computer model to predict how microbial metabolism and cellular composition change as cell size varies, using details about how much space a bacterium needs for its components — DNA, proteins, and the molecular factories called ribosomes — to function.

As a consequence, at a certain point during translation, the conformation of the ribosome's active site is distorted in such a way that further elongation of the nascent peptide becomes impossible.

And Escherichia coli with only the synthetic ribosomes lived nearly as well as wild peers.

A purified yeast Sec61 complex bound to monomeric yeast ribosomes as an oligomer in a saturable fashion.

It is well known that ribosome biogenesis is a key component of the cell cycle as it regulates cell size and growth and the IBS team has uncovered that SSUPs play a critical role in maintaining induced pluripotent stem cell integrity.

RNA serves as the template for translation of genes into proteins, transferring amino acids to the ribosome to form proteins, and also translating the transcript into proteins.

As a result, once the protein has been manufactured in the ribosomes, the completed protein can not be released.

Among the key elements engineers need to get an organism such as E. coli to make a protein from a synthesized gene are extra sequences such as promoters (to help the cell make RNA from DNA) and ribosome binding sites (or RBS, which the cell needs to make proteins from the RNA).

This information flow may also be followed through the cell as it travels from the DNA in the nucleus, to the Cytoplasm, to the Ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum, and finally to the Golgi Apparatus, which may package the final products for export outside the cell.

Now, John Chaput and his colleagues at Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute have produced the first genome - wide investigation of cap - independent translation, identifying thousands of mRNA sequences that act as Translation Enhancing Elements (TEEs), which are RNA sequences upstream of the coding region that help recruit the ribosome to the translation start site.

A key component in the translation process is the ribosome, which migrates along the single stranded mRNA, reading the codons as it goes.

However if the ribosome skipped the hairpin and recognized the sequence on the other side of the hairpin independently and translated it, that's an indication that the sequence is functioning as an internal ribosomal initiation site.»

Bacterial ribosomes stalled on defective messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are rescued by tmRNA, an ∼ 300 - nucleotide - long molecule that functions as both transfer RNA (tRNA) and mRNA.

And curious as to how widespread this phenomenon might be, the researchers looked for protein families with nearly identical members that are encoded by different genes and had significant variations in ribosome density across the family.

With this quality control missing, the entire gene sequence is read as it spools through the ribosome.

That's where translation, the second step in protein synthesis, occurs: the mRNAs attached to ribosomes function as templates on which proteins are constructed.

Using an elaborate ballroom dance, he focused on the mystery of what prevents ribosomes from «jamming up» as they move along RNA strands expressing genes.

As a result, these mRNA molecules — stripped of their green fluorescent proteins, bound to ribosomes, and ready to be translated into a protein — appear red.

While on viable mRNAs UPF1 is removed by the protein factories, the ribosomes, it remains bound to defective mRNAs and recruits additional enzymes that cause the degradation of the mRNA «The protein UPF1 bound to the mRNA acts as an armed trap that only has to be triggered when needed to degrade the defective mRNA,» says Zünd.

The researchers were able to show that a reduction in the number of ribosomes — organelles known as the protein factories of the cell — is responsible for the disruption in the formation of red blood cells found in patients with DBA.

A ribosome is helped by ATP, which powers it as it walks along the messenger RNA and as it stitches the amino acids together.

This work was quickly followed by evidence intimating the existence of a class of RNA in ribosomes that hybridized uniquely to genomic DNA of the same species, but not to that of foreign species (10), what later came to be known as mRNA.

That fact that mitochondria have their own DNA, RNA, and ribosomes, supports the endosymbiosis theory, as does the existence of the amoeba, a eukaryotic organism that lacks mitochondria and therefore requires a symbiotic relationship with an aerobic bacterium.

When Walter arrived in Blobel's lab as a fresh - faced apprentice, Blobel and his colleagues had limned the outlines of the so - called signal hypothesis, which purported to explain how proteins, which are made in cellular machines called ribosomes, find their pre-destined locations within cells.

Ribosomes are a complex of molecules found in all cells, and they're sometimes referred to as nanomachines because they synthesize all of the proteins our cells need.

Julia is also recognized for her role as a technology innovator in plant biology; her development of the «translating ribosome affinity purification «TRAP» method has opened a window into the «translatome».

As expected, they found that the normal and extra-long genetic instructions were both translated into huntingtin proteins when they met up with a ribosome (the chef from our analogy above).

Andrei Korostelev of the University of Massachusetts Medical School focuses on capturing minute structural changes in ribosomes as they translate RNA into proteins.

The researchers are currently using the 4D microscope to image the components of cells, such as proteins and ribosomes, the cellular machinery that makes proteins.