Sentences with phrase «as sea ice forms»

As the sea ice forms it starts expressing the salt out of its crystalline structure.

The satellite readings show that as sea ice forms early in the season, wind blowing off the cold Antarctic ice cap pushes it offshore and northward.

Not exact matches

GLITTERING across the briny surface of newly formed sea ice, frost flowers are as bewitching to polar scientists as Homer's sirens — luring them and their instrument - laden sleds to the treacherous boundary between ice and sea.

Hawkings and his collaborators spent three months in 2012 and 2013 gathering water samples and measuring the flow of water from the 600 - square - kilometer (230 - square - mile) Leverett Glacier and the smaller, 36 - square - kilometer (14 - square - mile) Kiattuut Sermiat Glacier in Greenland as part of a Natural Environment Research Council - funded project to understand how much phosphorus, in various forms, was escaping from the ice sheet over time and draining into the sea.

This current forms off the coast of Antarctica as cold winds off the ice sheet cool the sea surface.

Other research has found that sea ice is a natural reservoir of iron, which is captured by ice crystals as they form in deeper water and float to the surface.

Bacteria, however, have remained Earth's most successful form of life — found miles deep below as well as within and on surface rock, within and beneath the oceans and polar ice, floating in the air, and within as well as on Homo sapiens sapiens; and some Arctic thermophiles apparently even have life - cycle hibernation periods of up to a 100 million years while waiting for warmer conditions underneath increasing layers of sea sediments (Lewis Dartnell, New Scientist, September 20, 2010; and Hubert et al, 2010).

The rocky ground beneath the ice in the Wilkes Basin forms a huge valley below sea - level which slopes downwards as it heads inland.

Whoever you are, whatever you do, your job is almost certainly boring as hell compared with the researchers who spent the last six weeks diving beneath Antarctica's sea ice to study alien life forms on the ocean floor.

It was formed as a limestone cave system during the last ice age when sea levels were much lower.

After the ice age ended and sea levels rose, flooding the hollowed - out island, the Blue Hole as we know it was formed.

If the ground had been blue the forms might have looked like islands in a sea but as some of the forms are themselves blue, maybe they more resemble fishing holes in ice.

Greenland as an high altitude inlandsis seems to be very special compared to these regions, and probably has more inertia towards meting, as the center isolated from sea influence and accumulate ice form increasing precipitations.I don't really remenber what models predict in Greenland, but it doesn't confuse me if the response is not temporally and geographically the same as other regions.

... Sea ice, especially during the sunlit seasons, serves as habitat for an ice - specific food web (sympagic foodweb)[1] that includes bacteria, viruses, unicellular algae, which often form chains and filaments, and invertebrates sufficiently small to traverse the brine network.

Sea ice is critical for polar marine ecosystems in at least two important ways: (1) it provides a habitat for photosynthetic algae and nursery ground for invertebrates and fish during times when the water column does not support phytoplankton growth; and (2) as the ice melts, releasing organisms into the surface water [3], a shallow mixed layer forms which fosters large ice - edge blooms important to the overall productivity of polar seas.

[UPDATE, 5/20: Natalie Angier has written a nice column on the relatively unheralded walrus, which — like the far more charismatic polar bear — is having a hard time as Arctic sea ice retreats earlier and farther each spring and summer and forms later in the boreal fall.

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

These result in westerly winds (clockwise around the pole as viewed from below) just above the edge of Antarctica in the region where the seasonal sea ice forms, ie, the west wind drift:

Most importantly as the ACC shut the refrigerator door, sea ice began forming in the southern seas.

The cooler Arctic then promoted formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW in the upper frame of Figure 13) as salty Atlantic waters transported poleward cooled and brine rejection increased as more Arctic sea ice formed.

Sea ice is an important component of the Earth system; it is highly reflective, altering the amount of solar radiation that is absorbed; it changes the salinity of the ocean where it forms and melts, and it acts as a barrier to the exchange of heat and momentum fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean.

Sea ice can take many forms, as seen in this image of Arctic sea ice from a recent Operation IceBridge aerial survSea ice can take many forms, as seen in this image of Arctic sea ice from a recent Operation IceBridge aerial survsea ice from a recent Operation IceBridge aerial survey.

«As a result of climate change, sea ice is melting earlier and forming later each year, leaving polar bears less time to hunt.

This has never happened before because the sea ice never retreated very much in the summer and the water temperature could not rise above zero because of the ice cover... The permafrost is acting as a cap for a very large amount of methane (CH4), which is sitting in the sediments underneath in the form of methane hydrates.

Resources [1] The NH sea - ice extent data are provided by NSIDC as daily anomalies form an average cycle plus the annual cycle which has been subtracted.

Sea ice may form, stopping the winds from stirring the surface, stopping evaporation, leaving the passing winds as cool and dry as when they left Canada.

The biggest difference is that the Arctic sea ice forms in a huge ocean surrounded by the northern hemisphere land masses, while the Antarctic sea ice forms as a fringe around a vast frozen continent.

But deep water production by convection may be less, depending on how much NADW is Arctic in origin and how much is simply recirculated Antarctic bottom water (extremely dense water, formed as brine under the sea ice around polynas offshore of Antarctica and sliding down the continental shelf into the depths without much mixing, creates a giant pool of dense water extending all the way up the bottom of the Atlantic to about 60 ° N).

However, as you'll see by the sea ice thickness maps below, there may be good reason for the lack of ringed seal lairs, and a general lack of seals except at the nearshore lead that forms because of tidal action: the ice just a bit further offshore ice looks too thick for a good crop of ringed seals in all three years of the study.

If the air temperature is abnormally cold it will form weak sea ice as the surface water has not had sufficient time to remove the salt.

Ice sheets can take centuries to millennia to melt or form, whereas sea ice changes occur much more rapidly (as we're currently seeing in the ArctiIce sheets can take centuries to millennia to melt or form, whereas sea ice changes occur much more rapidly (as we're currently seeing in the Arctiice changes occur much more rapidly (as we're currently seeing in the Arctic).

Sea level has risen as the vast continental glaciers formed during the last ice age melted.

If you think about it and if they «are» right about both the causes and the effects (melting ice caps, raising sea levels — e.g. increased ocean surface worldwide, increased surface temperatures on land and at sea and erratic excesses in weather) then the results may well be an eventual drastic swing the other day as we see increases in reflection, evaporation and conversion of «greenhouse» gases back into inert forms!

Sea level is rising, primarily in response to a warming planet, through thermal expansion of the oceans, and also via the loss of land ice as ocean and air temperatures increase, melting ice and speeding the flow of non-floating ice to form floating icebergs.

One would think that, if ice sheets were as exquisitely sensitive to warming as proposed, the warming in the last 40 years would yield a discernible signal in the form of acceleration of sea level rise - but that hasn't happened.

Massive Arctic ice island drifting toward shipping lanes The biggest Arctic «ice island» to form in nearly 50 years — a 250 - square - kilometer behemoth described as four times the size of Manhattan — has been discovered after a Canadian scientist scanning satellite images of northwest Greenland spotted a giant break in the famed Petermann Glacier.Canada.com — Aug 07 10:16 am In another research, using Autosub, an autonomous underwater vehicle, researchers led by the British Antarctic Survey have captured ocean and sea - floor measurements, which revealed a 300 meter high ridge on the sea floor.

Sea ice in Antarctica is quite different as it is ice which forms in salt water primarily during the winter months.

John, Sea ice forming or melting will have no effect on sea level either way, as it is already in the water, the ice is already a part of the ocean's volume and including the parts above the water line it is displacing equivalent volumes to what its melt water will occuSea ice forming or melting will have no effect on sea level either way, as it is already in the water, the ice is already a part of the ocean's volume and including the parts above the water line it is displacing equivalent volumes to what its melt water will occusea level either way, as it is already in the water, the ice is already a part of the ocean's volume and including the parts above the water line it is displacing equivalent volumes to what its melt water will occupy.

As your references point out, during summer, sea - ice melts and ponds form, thus the sea - ice albedo declines sharply.

Currently, there are several EMICs in operation such as: two - dimensional, zonally averaged ocean models coupled to a simple atmospheric module (e.g., Stocker et al., 1992; Marchal et al., 1998) or geostrophic two - dimensional (e.g., Gallee et al., 1991) or statistical - dynamical (e.g., Petoukhov et al., 2000) atmospheric modules; three - dimensional models with a statistical - dynamical atmospheric and oceanic modules (Petoukhov et al., 1998; Handorf et al., 1999); reduced - form comprehensive models (e.g., Opsteegh et al., 1998) and those that involve an energy - moisture balance model coupled to an OGCM and a sea - ice model (e.g., Fanning and Weaver, 1996).

Our scientists have published many papers in high ranking journals on subjects as varied as build - up of an ice sheet; mass extinctions of life; links between sea ice in the Arctic and climate change; ice sheets that may be hiding vast amounts of methane; and specialised life forms around Arctic methane seeps.