Sentences with phrase «as stratospheric»

Another 2005 study, [27] which used a different model, also found that all efficacies were largely independent of the type of forcing, provided its measure accounted for tropospheric as well as stratospheric adjustment.

Readers may be surprised to know that part of the answer may be found high in the atmosphere above the Arctic in connection with a phenomenon known as the stratospheric polar vortex, which I wrote about a couple years ago on this blog.

The technique could be used on a smaller scale than other proposed technologies, such as stratospheric aerosol injection.

«In winter, the freezing Arctic air is normally «locked» by strong circumpolar winds several tens of kilometers high in the atmosphere, known as the stratospheric polar vortex, so that the cold air is confined near the pole,» said study co-author Marlene Kretschmer from the Potsdam Institute of Climate Impacts Research in Germany, in a press release.

This depletion is entirely replenished in a few weeks as stratospheric circulation is restored by warming of the polar atmosphere.

Nor did you explain how this research would account for the evidence in support of the CO2 - induced warming hypothesis, such as stratospheric cooling and mesospheric cooling [hint: it doesn't account for these].

For instance, what is the usual response of a CAGW movement supporter to learning that, under their own climate sensitivity assumptions, other forms of geoengineering than CO2 cutbacks could neutralize the predicted warming for < = ~ 1 % the cost and with lesser biological side - effects (such as stratospheric dispersion of micron - scale reflective dust staying suspended for months at appropriate altitude, in radiative forcing neutralizing orders of magnitude more than its own mass in CO2)?

The exact mechanism there is not as clear as the stratospheric mechanism, but the possibility of actually trying it out on a limited scale is much more attractive, because you could create a little particle generator and put it under some clouds and see whether they were, indeed, brightened.

The lack of any governing authority for geoengineering is partly why scientists decided to cancel a proposed U.K. test known as the Stratospheric Particle Experiment for Climate Engineering, or SPICE, in the spring of 2012.

Since aerosols last much longer in the stratosphere than they do in the rainy troposphere, the amount of aerosol - forming substance that would need to be injected into the stratosphere annually is far less than what would be needed to give a similar cooling effect in the troposphere, though so far as the stratospheric aerosol burden goes, it would still be a bit like making the Earth a permanently volcanic planet (think of a Pinatubo or two a year, forever).

You've got the radiative physics, the measurements of ocean temperature and land temperature, the changes in ocean heat content (Hint — upwards, whereas if if was just a matter of circulation moving heat around you might expect something more simple) and of course observed predictions such as stratospheric cooling which you don't get when warming occurs from oceanic circulation.

In the troposphere, major volcanic events have a strong cooling effect, as stratospheric aerosols reflect away some incoming solar radiation before it enters the troposphere.

While ozone - depleting chemicals are still playing a role, natural factors, such as stratospheric circulation, also helped drive this year's widespread thinning.

The controversial approach, known as stratospheric aerosol injection, is designed to effectively cool the Earth's surface by reflecting some sunlight before it reaches the surface.

N2O could become 50 per cent more destructive as stratospheric CFCs return to pre-industrial levels.

Those numbers aren't quite as stratospheric as they might seem to a layperson — but they're still telling.

That's a staggeringly huge number, as well as a stratospheric jump from Uber's last funding round, when it raised $ 1.2 billion at a valuation of $ 17 billion.

Not exact matches

Derivatives trading is the culmination of a wild year for bitcoin, which captured imaginations and investment around the world, propelled by its stratospheric gains, and its anti-establishment mission as a currency without the backing of a government or a central bank, and a payment system without a reliance on banks.

As its outré name would suggest, the store aims for a stratospheric level of cool.

As reported previously, this stratospheric price has a lot to do with increased interest from China.

In contrast to Beck's stratospheric narration, Zuckoff reports the daily, prosaic work of Greg and Tierney Fairchild as they gather copious medical information, discern vocation and then live with the delicate reality of raising an interracial child with Down syndrome.

And now some Germans have added another multicultural twist: spiking the sauce with Caribbean and South American peppers, to stratospheric levels of Scoville Heat Units, as a challenge to macho munchers competing for the top - dog spot in their local Currywurst «Hall of Fame.»

Blow As Liverpool Star Raheem Sterling Is Ruled Out Of Crucial Clash Against Spurs Premier League money to go stratospheric.

Today's conversation was between Joe Lewis and Daniel Levy: Lewis: I heard Zinedine Zidane is tired of the situation at Real Madrid, and we could sign him as our coach because of our unique strategic stratospheric partnership with Real Madrid.

Such a stratospheric fee is an issue for Mourinho, who contrary to the lazy characterisation of him as a chequebook manager has always been reluctant to request expensive signings despite working for clubs of the financial resources of early - Abramovich - era Chelsea, Internazionale and Real Madrid.

What if Gani was so prescient he thought if Nigeria didn't crush the elephantine greed of its thieving elite, with as little misleading legal fizz as possible, the country could, 32 years later, just be fated to another Dasukigate, quite stratospheric, when compared with the industrial - scale looting of the Abacha era?

There is also growing understanding of the links between atmospheric problems such as local air pollution, acid rain, global climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion.

And despite Prince Andrew's stratospheric popularity, who's to say with economic inequality getting worse and the middle class continuing to get squeezed by taxes and the pressure of having to pay for everyone above them and everyone below them simultaneously, that Cuomo fatigue in 2014 could make it deja vu all over again, as famous philosopher Yogi Berra might say?

Avella accused Hizzoner of using his power as mayor to increase his personal fortune, while Thompson said that «Billionaire Mike Bloomberg» is to trying to «influence and taint» the electoral process with his stratospheric campaign spending.

Long - lived chlorine species, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), led to depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer in the 1980s, most drastically seen in the Antarctic.

Now, research suggests that for the past decade, such stratospheric aerosols — injected into the atmosphere by either recent volcanic eruptions or human activities such as coal burning — are slowing down global warming.

That triggered vast polar stratospheric clouds, some of them as big as the continental United States.

These revealed a surprising link between stratospheric winds and ocean currents as deep as 2 kilometers beneath the waves.

For scientists unwilling or unable to compete at this stratospheric level, Janelia will also offer «career opportunities... doing really exciting science» as staff research specialists.

«Methane's growth rate has dropped, so it'll have become a weaker source of stratospheric water, but we don't fully understand why its concentrations have not increased as rapidly in recent years as they did for the previous several decades.»

Several explanations for this widening have been proposed, such as radiative forcing due to greenhouse gas increase and stratospheric ozone depletion.

Although a more detailed understanding of the physics of the two layers is necessary to improve the computer models, the stratospheric effects can simply be used as another factor to incorporate into statistical predictions.

And there could be unforeseen downsides, the researchers say, such as a decrease in stratospheric ozone or a shift in tropical weather patterns that could end up aggravating droughts in arid regions.

Not so much an orbiting observatory as just a very high one, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy is being built into a Boeing 747.

And that presents a dilemma: As India expands access to a life - saving technology, it must comply with international mandates — the most recent imposed just last fall — to eliminate coolants that harm stratospheric ozone or warm the atmosphere.

Yet, chlorofluorocarbons, to give them their proper name, are potent molecules that both exacerbate the blanket of greenhouse gases warming the world as well as chew up the stratospheric ozone layer protecting the planet's inhabitants from excess doses of ultraviolet sunlight.

As well as human influences, Novelli points out that the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 may be responsible for a recent decrease in stratospheric ozone levelAs well as human influences, Novelli points out that the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 may be responsible for a recent decrease in stratospheric ozone levelas human influences, Novelli points out that the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 may be responsible for a recent decrease in stratospheric ozone levels.

Murphy's colorful blog, «Super-TIGER on the Ice,» documented the alternating moments of astonishing natural beauty (sparkling glaciers at 2 a.m., surprise penguin visits) and technical tedium (such as making sure the detector's connections still work in the thin stratospheric air).

(Such low air temperatures encourage the formation of icy clouds in the upper atmosphere known as polar stratospheric clouds, which foster the chemical reactions that turn harmless chlorine compounds into ozone eradicators.)

Stratospheric chlorine originates chiefly from the manufactured compounds known as CFCs, but is usually locked up in a stable form as chlorine nitrate.

Scientists at NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, as well as other international agencies constantly monitor the stratospheric ozone layer and the levels of ozone - depleting chemicals at Earth's surface.

Harriet's first postdoctoral position was as a National Research Council fellow at the NASA Ames Research Center in California, which at that time was home base for the Kuiper Airborne Observatory, a flying telescope that was the forerunner of SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy that is currently being built.

To my narrow way of thinking, this of course * was * a huge (as poorly quantified as that is) stratospheric ozone loss â??

If we think of hurricanes as Stirling heat engines, then we realize that the two reservoirs are the mixed layer of the surface ocean (1) and the upper atmosphere (2); note that there is a general trend of stratospheric cooling as well.

Stratospheric cooling as a result of excess CO2 does influence ozone recovery, and ozone changes in the troposphere and stratosphere to have effects on radiative balance of the planet.