Sentences with phrase «as the ratio between»

In a 2010 study, cognitive psychologists Melissa Libertus and Elizabeth Brannon, then both at Duke University, found that infants gazed longer at images of black circles when the number of circles changed, compared with when the quantity was always the same, as long as the ratio between the number of circles was always at least 2 - to - 1.

Under competitive pressures from private schools, the productivity of the school system measured as the ratio between output and input increases by even more than is suggested by looking at educational outcomes alone.

The insurance company calculated this as the ratio between his investment in the contract ($ 100,000) and the total amount of income they expect to pay him ($ 599,000 in this case).

To avoid the possible influence of the water vapour injected with the gas, the CO2 ratio is calculated as the ratio between the CO2 peak and the air (O2 + N2) peak.

The GTP is defined as the ratio between the global mean surface temperature change at a given future time horizon (TH) following an emission (pulse or sustained) of a compound x relative to a reference gas r (e.g., CO2):

For example, changes in climate can be calculated either as the difference or as the ratio between the simulated future climate and the simulated baseline climate.

Although there are many variations, a cap rate is often calculated as the ratio between the net operating income produced by an asset and the original capital cost (the price paid to buy the asset) or alternatively its current market value.»

Not exact matches

That's about the same as the ratio was in the 1990s, but in the decades prior, dividend appreciation accounted for between 24 % and 71 % of total returns.

The act calls for the disclosure of the ratio between the pay for a company's CEO and the median pay of all other employees — known as the CEO - worker pay ratio.

As with any ratio, this depends on a company's industry; however, it's generally accepted that industrials should maintain a debt - to - equity ratio between 0.5 and 1.5.

Depending on the point in time the payout ratio may differ substantially, as it does for National Fuel Gas (NYSE: NFG) with a payout ratio constantly fluctuating between 30 and more than 100 %.

His theory has been distilled by others and spread widely to the public as something akin to the following: An investment portfolio should be a balance between publicly - traded stocks and bonds, starting with a ratio of 70:30, transitioning away from stocks and into bonds as the investor gets older.

When it comes to currency trading, the process is always carried out in pairs, with these representing a ratio between two numbers as stated at casinoonline.co.nz.

It is difficult to model the many ways credit intensivity of growth can change, but if we simply assume that there is no improvement except as growth slows, so that the ratio between credit growth and GDP growth stays constant, the table below shows debt levels at the end of ten years at different GDP growth rates:

As we saw above, even a seemingly small difference in the expense ratio between funds can add up to a HUGE difference over time.

We then calculate what the ratio would be if Amazon added 50,000 Amazon workers and 62,500 supplementary workers over a ten year period, as Amazon's RFP projects, and if the city's housing supply grew 20 percent faster than it did in the earlier period.1 We adjusted the 20 percent figure up or down to reflect differences in metros» level of difficulty in producing new housing, and we assumed that vacancy rates would drop to between 3 and 5 percent of the city's housing stock.

There are potential areas of growth, including increasing the tie ratio between games and consoles, which will improve as platform libraries (games) grow, and accessory sales, which will depend on a myriad of factors, including the continued push towards new market opportunities (e.g., toy - based games).

Testosterone and Hedge Funds», Yan Lu and Melvyn Teo use facial width - to - height ratio (fWHR) as a positively related proxy for testosterone level to investigate the relationship between male hedge fund manager testosterone level and hedge fund performance.

«Public investment has been on a declining trend as a share of global GDP since the 1980s... [and] lowered the global investment - to - GDP ratio by around 1pp between 1980 and 2007.

The ratio between Morgan Stanley's Cyclical index and its Consumer index has nearly flat - lined in the last few weeks and has been exhibiting a third of the volatility this year as in years past.

The following chart illustrates the record divergence between the ratio of household net worth - to - disposable income (blue line) and the rate of personal saving as a percent of disposable income (red line).

We can control for some of these differences between loan characteristics (such as loan size, loan - to - valuation ratio (LVR) and documentation type).

We can even come up with hedge ratios that show the theoretical tradeoff between tranches as losses increase or decrease, which might work, might, if you are a small player in that market.

The stock market model distinguishes between: (1) investment return, defined as initial dividend yield plus expected annual earnings growth rate; and, (2) speculative return, defined as annual percentage change in price - to - earnings ratio (P / E).

To give a proper number you have to show the ratio between atheist drug users and atheists as a whole, and theist drug users and theists as a whole.

On the other hand, God must so act in the interests of both the self and all others as thereby to establish the cosmic order of natural law that sets the optimal limits of all other action, where by «optimal limits» I mean limits such that, were they to be set otherwise than they are, the ratio between opportunities for good and risks of evil would be less rather than more favorable than it in fact is.

Not that it matters if everyone's macarons turn out fine, but I use Pierre Herme's recipe for mine and the only major difference I see between his and your's is that he uses the same amount of sugar for the sugar syrup as his «tant pour tant» ratio for almond flour and icing sugar.

The ratio between sunbutter and chopped pecans, ya it's equal... but I'm totally into texture and I wanted the same experience as dipping a pecan into sunbutter, and since I also enjoy coconut I thought it would be great to add even more texture, so that went in the bowl.

One question I have is I must substitute honey for the agave syrup as my son is on the SCD diet, is there a ratio between the two?

When it's hot, simultaneously pour it and the coffee into your mug, you're going for as close to a half and half ratio between the two liquids as you can.

At a particular location within the product, a local freezing rate can be defined as the ratio of the difference between the initial temperature and desired temperature to the time elapsed in reaching the given final temperature (Persson and Lohndal, 1993).

Positives: As aforementioned, a good goal ratio for a side battling relegation, shared out goals between the whole team.

In districts where the F / R ratio is not as unbalanced, the labor costs could actually be shared between the two programs because the same «lunch ladies» are serving both groups.

Multivariable Poisson regression28 was performed to report crude and adjusted rate ratios as a measure of relative risks for the association between Baby Friendly status and breastfeeding initiation, any breastfeeding at 1 month and breastfeeding continuation to 1 month.

The most recent study report described in these same regions decreased tissue levels of 5 - HT and tryptophan hydroxylase, the synthesizing enzyme for serotonin, and no evidence of excessive serotonin degradation as assessed by levels of 5 - hydroxyindoleacetic acid (the main metabolite of serotonin) or ratios of 5 - hydroxyindoleacetic acid to serotonin.30 A recent article described a significant association between a decrease in medullary 5 - HT1A receptor immunoreactivity and specific SIDS risk factors, including tobacco smoking.40 These data confirm results from earlier studies in humans39, 41 and are also consistent with studies in piglets that revealed that postnatal exposure to nicotine decreases medullary 5 - HT1A receptor immunoreactivity.42 Animal studies have revealed that serotonergic neurons located in the medullary raphe and adjacent paragigantocellularis lateralis play important roles in many autonomic functions including the control of respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, thermoregulation, sleep and arousal, and upper airway patency.

Numbers of participants in nonobese [BMI (in kg / m2): < 30] and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0) groups, respectively, are as follows: timely OL (□; n = 102 and 34) and delayed OL (▪; n = 49 and 33)[P < 0.0001 within the nonobese BMI group and P = 0.001 within the obese BMI group (chi - square analysis); Breslow - Day test for homogeneity of the odds ratios (P = 0.6267), indicating that there was not a significant difference by BMI group in the association between delayed OL and excess neonatal weight loss].

The graphs below show the ratio between the total positive and negative scores of the entire speech, as figure 1 below shows.

In terms of the ratio between a constituency's territory / area and the number of seats being assigned to it, Mayo emerges as having the highest level in the state with an average of 1,308.6 km2 territory per council seat in that four seat general election constituency.

AMS / AV + would almost certainly be easier than STV, which would require huge constituencies for rural areas (and even under FPTP, there are inequalities in constituency membership because of the difficulties caused by excessive size), but then a whole new can of worms would be opened up concerning how to set the ratio between corrective «top - up» MPs, and constituency MPs, plus a whole load of other factors such as whether to allow dual standing, whether the two votes should be two choices or interconnected, whether the list should be open or closed, etc., etc..

But he noted that a # 7bn increase — the equivalent of a little more than 1p on the basic rate of income tax — would maintain the 80/20 ratio between tax rises and spending cuts that the chancellor has previously set as his target for his austerity programme.

Such ranks may be expressed as a net histocompatibility ratio (NHR) between prospective donors and recipients.

In his book Elements, Euclid shows how to divide a straight line running between points A and B into two by a point P so that the ratio of the longer segment (AP) to the shorter one (PB) is exactly the same as the ratio of the entire line (AB) to the longer segment (AP).

The approach, called tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectroscopy, detects the ratio of methane isotopes, which can provide a «fingerprint» to differentiate between two common origins: microbial, in which microorganisms, typically living in wetlands or the guts of animals, produce methane as a metabolic byproduct; or thermogenic, in which organic matter, buried deep within the Earth, decays to methane at high temperatures.

The faces we remember so easily may differ only in subtle tweaks of geometry: the ratio of distances between different landmarks such as the eyes and the mouth, for example.

Between 1987 and 1999, there has been a large increase in the ratio of postdocs to faculty positions as well — a change primarily affecting the life sciences.

In the familiar heat engine model at macroscopic scale, referred to as the Carnot heat engine, the efficiency increases as a function of the ratio between the temperatures of the low - and high - temperature baths.

Of course, even if collaboration is completely gender - blind, those gender ratios would not be equally split between male - male and male - female pairs, because there are twice as many male full professors and the rate of publication varies between departments.

Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for conversion to laparotomy, CRM +, intraoperative complications, and postoperative complications between treatment groups, adjusting for the stratification factors, where operating surgeon was modeled as a random effect.

For instance, radiocarbon dating determines the age of biological remains based on the ratio between the carbon isotopes (atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons) carbon - 12 and carbon - 14 it holds - this proportion changes as radioactive carbon - 14 breaks down while stable carbon - 12 does not.

In Carcharhiniforms, as compared to, for example, Lamnids, the angle between the dorsal and ventral lobes is small, they have a low aspect ratio, and tails are more flexible.