Sentences with phrase «as tree rings»

It considered many proxies with an expected or even known relation to summer temperatures, such as tree rings whose growing season is during those months.

Quantities such as tree ring widths, coral growth, isotope variations in ice cores, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, fossils, ice cores, borehole temperatures, and glacier length records are correlated with climatic fluctuations.

Measurements of 13C / 12C on corals and sponges — whose carbonate shells reflect the ocean chemistry just as tree rings record the atmospheric chemistry — show that this decline began about the same time as in the atmosphere; that is, when human CO2 production began to accelerate in earnest.

Such proxy material as tree rings can not be as accurate as instrumental records or detailed reconstructions using a variety of observational material - but there are nevertheless a number of obvious consequences that those who debate climate as either «realists» or «sceptics» need to face when considering this data;

Scientists often study otoliths because they grow in layers that can reveal the age of a fish just as tree rings mark the age of a tree.

I'd guess that means even plankton proxies would have the same issue as tree rings — photosynthesizers for primary production are mostly toward the poles, maybe less influenced by such dust.

While the data are not as complete as the tree ring data (we have only been making these measurements for a few decades) we observe what is expected: the surface ocean 13C / 12C is decreasing.

Beyond these approaches, «we are also experimenting with the application of corals to this line of research, although it's not as far along as tree rings and cave deposits,» Liu notes.

«Here in the state of Colorado as our tree rings demonstrate, we've had droughts long before there were very many people here,» the Tea Party freshman argued.

Reconstructing temperature or another climate variable from a proxy such as a tree ring parameter has a formal resemblance to the statistical calibration of a measurement instrument.

To suggest that Ross's paper is as erroneous as tree rings are imprecise is laughable.

Reconstructions of Earth's climate record have relied largely on summer conditions, charting fluctuations through vegetation - based samples, such as tree ring width, pollen and organisms that thrive in the warmer growing season.

The fact that temperatures were rising was never really in dispute among scientists, who had thermometers as well as tree rings to confirm the trend.

In fact, sunspots are just an indicator of something else that is going on with the sun, just as tree rings are an indicator that something is going on with the local climate.

Concentric circles all share the same center, such as tree rings and rippling water droplets.

«We find many examples of these variations in pre-industrial temperature reconstructions» based on proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, and lake sediment, Lovejoy says.

The «hockey stick» graph was the result of the first comprehensive attempt to reconstruct the average northern hemisphere temperature over the past 1000 years, based on numerous indicators of past temperatures, such as tree rings.

The climate reconstructions take into account a variety of gauges found in nature, such as tree rings, ice cores, and lake sediments.

There are other proxies, such as tree rings or ocean sediments, but their messages have to be decoded and interpreted by scientists.

The climate change «hockey stick» is a graph first published in 1998 by Michael Mann et al. that attempted to reconstruct the mean surface temperature on the planet during the period A. D. 900 to the present, using multiple proxies, such as tree rings, to measure temperatures before formal instrumentation was in use.

Thus, the new approach extracts more well - defined signals, and multiplies the information content of plant archives such as tree rings.

I've also analyzed data (not conclusions, but raw data) relating to paleoclimate reconstructions such as tree rings, ice cores, and (my personal favorite) borehole temperature profiles.

Paleoclimatology data are derived from natural sources such as tree rings, ice cores, corals, and ocean and lake sediments.

The predominantly stoneware vessels featured in the exhibition subtly evoke basketry and, at the same time, natural forms such as tree rings, gourds, and flowing water.

Data from independently dated material (such as tree rings) indicate 18 periods of sunspot minima in the last 7,800 years.

When one thinks about what is reported in this study, it is amazing what scientists can unexpectedly discover from research and analysis when using non-thermometer climate measurements, such as tree rings.

Indirect indicators («proxy data» such as tree ring width and density) must be used to infer climate variations (Chapter 6) prior to the instrumental era (Chapter 3).

Instead, the studies rely on the use of temperature «proxies», such as tree rings and lake sediments.

There were no thermometers in 1000, so scientists use «proxy» data from items such as tree rings, lake sediments and ice cores.

«To produce temperature series that were completely up - to - date (i.e. through to 1999) it was necessary to combine the temperature reconstructions with the instrumental record, because the temperature reconstructions from proxy data (such as tree rings) ended many years earlier whereas the instrumental record is updated every month.»

After their production, the radionuclides, following different distribution and deposition processes, are eventually stored in terrestrial archives such as tree rings or ice cores.

The computations show similar long - term variations with the global radionuclides production records from terrestrial archives such as tree rings and ice cores which validate the approach.