Accordingly, this research can help future consumers be proactive in terms of ensuring, as best they can, that results might yield
as valid inferences as possible.
Not exact matches
Keynes's argument
as to why these two assumptions are required for «
valid inductive
inference» is crucial for resolving the conflict about the role of the doctrine of internal relations.
1 The important internal relationship in the
valid inductive
inference pattern is not the relationship of prehension
as Gutting suggests (PS 1:174); rather, the relevant internal relations axe those between entity and environmental order.
Let us reconsider this argument in face of the claim that such postulates
as the Keynesian principle of limitation of independent variety constitute adequate grounding for «
valid inductive
inference».
Thus it seems that any explication of «
valid inductive
inference» requires
as a necessary condition the metaphysical doctrine of internal relations.
This triangulation is critical for arriving at
inferences or interpretations that are
as valid and accurate
as possible.
This type of data is needed to accurately describe changes in diversity
as students move between sectors because there is significant variation in student demographics at the school level that is often obscured when examining the issue at higher levels of aggregation (e.g. comparing charters
as a group to surrounding school district or metropolitan area) and can complicate the drawing of
valid inferences about the relationship between public school choice and racial sorting.
Vermont's state board also resolved that until Vermont has more experience with evidence from the SBACs, «the results of the SBAC assessment will not support reliable and
valid inferences about student performance, and thus should not be used
as the basis for any consequential purpose.»
Rather, research evidence must support their uses, otherwise
valid inferences can not be made, or more importantly accepted
as valid.
Klees concludes: «The bottom line is that regardless of technical sophistication, the use of VAM is never [and, perhaps never will be] «accurate, reliable, and
valid» and will never yield «rigorously supported
inferences»
as expected and desired.
Now to be clear, here, I do think that not just «grossly ineffective» but also simply «bad teachers» should be fired, but the indicators used to do this must yield
valid inferences,
as based on the evidence,
as critically and appropriately consumed by the parties involved, after which
valid and defensible decisions can and should be made.
Of course, even if your various studies did support each other it would not mean that their conclusions were
valid, if the statistical
inference methods used in all of them were seriously flawed,
as I have reason to believe.
I admire scientists and the scientific way of knowing but I am not myself trained
as a scientist, except inasmuch
as my undergraduate training in sociology at a top U.S. university exposed me to statistical
inference and standards of
valid reasoning about social phenomena.
As such little that is discussed from
inference OF the «graph» is infact based on a
VALID study.
See the links: - http://www.climateimc.org/?q=node/312 http://www.climateimc.org/?q=node/348 In regard to «ice core data», there is little in
valid methodology that can outline the atmosphere of 650,000 years ago,
as has already been shown, due to poor methodology and applications of predetermination (so often seen behind attempts to factualise similar «data
inferences»).