Sentences with phrase «as volcanic»

The abbey's kitchen (which is portrayed by a set in the TV series) is full of those hard - working grays (such as Volcanic Rock) contrasted with polished silver and ivory.

That list is lengthy, and includes both common risks such as fire, theft, and vandalism as well as less common risks such as volcanic eruption.

However, inspite of spending hours in filing a claim with all proof of delay (from the Airline) and new boarding passes, Access America denied my claim saying they would only cover natural disasters (such as a volcanic eruption or hurricane).

Even if your things fall victim to something as unlikely as a volcanic blast, renters insurance will reimburse you.

As the volcanic foundation sank, it carried the dead coral down to greater depths.

Those islands are there because as the volcanic corals have subsided, the sea level has gone up (since the last ice age), and the growth of coral organisms has kept up.

The low efficacy for volcanic forcing is expected, and partly reflects the delay in GMST reponse to a forcing impulse, which matters here as volcanic forcing is impulse like.

In the below figure from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, the bottom part shows the calculations including only natural forces, such as volcanic eruptions and changes in solar activity.

Professor Plimer said climate change was caused by natural events such as volcanic eruptions, the shifting of the Earth's orbit and cosmic radiation.

And the figures are slightly different, though the authors will recommend using the «best» estimate (usually the one that covers the longest period and has the least natural noise, such as volcanic activity).

If you are close to a source of concentrated CO2, such as a volcanic vent, a coal fired electrical plant or a busy highway then the concentration is significantly higher.

The primary driver of the past climate shifts is believed to be orbital mechanics and solar variability, with some contribution from Earth geophysical processes, such as volcanic eruptions.

Backing that up, NASA says that 1) sea surface temperature fluctuations (El Niño - La Niña) can cause global temperature deviation of about 0.2 °C; 2) solar maximums and minimums produce variations of only 0.1 °C, warmer or cooler; 3) aerosols from natural sources such as volcanic eruptions (Mount Pinatubo for example) have caused average cooling of 0.3 °C, but recent eruptions have had not had significant effect.

In fact the long term behaviour of the temperature record does correlate reasonably well with CO2 in the long term (longer than the semi-regular modulations due to ENSO and other shorter term forcings and the duration of intermittent one off events such as volcanic activity).

Actually they are problematic under perturbation.The inability to capture the dynamics ie the circulation changes, under perpetuation to singularities such as volcanic was identified in Stenchikov 2006 for the AR4 review.An inability to improve half a decade later suggests systemic failure with the dynamics eg Driscoll 2012.

Most agree it's difficult to determine exactly what is driving late summer temperatures in the tropical Atlantic — be it natural climate variability, greenhouse gases or some other factor, such as volcanic eruptions.

Also, there is no such thing as volcanic forcing.

I noted that the climate models reviewed by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) showed that temperature trends in the last century could not be explained on the basis of natural forces (such as volcanic eruptions) alone.

The answer is that CO2 is only one of several factors that influence temperature, such as volcanic eruptions, solar variability, sulfur dioxide emissions (see Figure 1), and small changes in the earth's orbit.

Annual means of surface air temperature display similar longterm periodicity as the volcanic activity.

The climate system evolves in time under the influence of its own internal dynamics and because of external forcings such as volcanic eruptions, solar variations and human - induced forcings such as the changing composition of the atmosphere and land use change.

Those claims have resonated; two years ago, the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change felt the need to explain why the Earth was not heating up as expected, listing such reasons as volcanic eruptions, reduced solar radiation and the oceans absorbing more heat.

This is currently the leading cause of global climate change even though there is always natural factors as well such as volcanic processes and solar activity, but not at the rate of climate change we have seen the last century.

But even if so, they make clear that they are using a different process designed more for the purpose than the data you have picked up compiled for the volcano paper, and they allude to this directly: «So while these reconstructions have proved valuable for studying climate variability and the role of various forcing factors acting on relatively short timescales, such as volcanic eruptions [Briffa et al 1998a], they are of limited use for judging the warmth of 20th century warmth in a multicentury context.

I always believed that the oceans were an important element in localised weather conditions over the short term but feel that relatively sudden shifts in climate occur through external forcings such as volcanic eruptions, meteor strike and the effects of changes in cosmic rays and sun spot activity, which are, unfortunately, all chaotic by nature and unpredictable.

We can plainly see the highs during the 1998 and 2010 el Ninos, and the lows during the 2008 la Nina as well as the volcanic coolings in the early 1980s and early 1990s.

Instead, natural variations in the climate system and other external forcing factors (such as volcanic eruptions) will likely cause the rate of Arctic sea ice change to vary considerably from decade to decade, and perhaps even temporarily switch from negative (sea ice loss) to positive (sea ice growth).

The explanation is actually simple: there is no such thing as volcanic cooling of the troposphere.

Sudden shocks to the system such as volcanic events will take more time to be neutralised.

Now scientists at MIT along with others have found that since 2000 the ozone hole has actually shrunk by an area half the size of the contiguous United States, although the process is also heavily affected by variables such as volcanic eruptions from year to year.

Our methodology also accounts for internal climate variability and other external drivers such as volcanic eruptions, as well as uncertainties in the proxy reconstructions and model output.

Led by Dr. James E. Hansen from 1981 to 2013, research at GISS emphasized a broad study of global change, which is an interdisciplinary initiative addressing natural and man - made changes in our environment that occur on various time scales — from one - time forcings such as volcanic explosions, to seasonal / annual effects such as El Niño, and on up to the millennia of ice ages — and that affect the habitability of our planet.

Contrarians believe that transient phenomenon such as volcanic disturbances do not last for finite periods of time but instead last forever.

«A climate pattern may come in the form of a regular cycle, like the diurnal cycle or the seasonal cycle; a quasi periodic event, like El Niño; or a highly irregular event, such as a volcanic winter... A mode of variability is a climate pattern with identifiable characteristics, specific regional effects, and often oscillatory behavior... the mode of variability with the greatest effect on climates worldwide is the seasonal cycle, followed by El Niño - Southern Oscillation, followed by thermohaline circulation.»

The first observation is that a decrease in external forcing such as volcanic's and solar increases SAT.

This includes mechanisms such as volcanic aerosols, SOI, etc..

Change arising from some sources, such as volcanic eruptions or the West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapsing, may be abrupt — but they don't flip back just as quickly, centuries later.

They also took account of natural factors such as volcanic eruptions and climate variability to gauge the impact of human activity on the amount of monsoon rainfall.

Burning fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum adds carbon to the atmosphere that would otherwise remain trapped underground for perpetuity, absent geologic events such as volcanic eruptions or oil seepage.

This cooling was from the same root cause as volcanic cooling, namely aerosols (mostly sulfate aerosols) in the atmosphere.

Still others are quite natural, such as volcanic eruptions (which can cool the climate temporarily) and variations in the energy output of the sun.

Case in point, some natural occurance such as volcanic erruptions also put tremendous gases into atmosphere and have affected world weather patterns.

Volcanism is thought to have made a comeback in the early 60s after 60 years of relative inactivity (at least as far as the volcanic forcing is concerned).

Halldor, when we are talking about the dates of eruptions, such as the contention of the Eldgja eruption date, either 934 or 939, we are typically talking about the start date for the eruption, as evidenced through historical documentation, or physical evidence such as volcanic horizons in ice cores.

The climate system evolves in time under the influence of its own internal dynamics and because of external forcings such as volcanic eruptions, solar variations and human - induced forcings such as the changing composition of the atmosphere and land - use change.»

In fact, we know that major heat releases such as volcanic eruptions are, by definition, not steady.

The computer models deal with the actual energy and matter flows within, and in and out of the system, and do not account for random geological or cosmological events, such as volcanic eruptions or asteroid impacts, solar disturbances, etc..

With Pollock we have the artist as volcanic force, weaving around the canvas splattering torrents of energy.

Protector Mode features an all new planet flip mechanic and environmental hazards such as volcanic meteors to avoid while fighting off the never ending enemy invasion.

The story now sees you travel to distant worlds rather than remaining on a single planet, with the twenty - one levels taking in dusty deserts and lush jungles, as well as volcanic landscapes and abandoned space - stations.