Sentences with phrase «as volcanic events»

Sudden shocks to the system such as volcanic events will take more time to be neutralised.

Not exact matches

Catastrophes can be caused by various natural events, including, among others, hurricanes, tornadoes and other windstorms, earthquakes, hail, wildfires, severe winter weather, floods, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and other naturally occurring events, such as solar flares.

The first 110,000 annual layers of snow in that ice core (GISP2) have been visually counted and corroborated by two to three different and independent methods as well as by correlation with volcanic eruptions and other datable events.

«As it's not possible to always successfully predict volcanic events due to the lack of complete knowledge of the signals leading to catastrophes, these results are an important new finding and ultimately we hope they will contribute to our understanding of where and when the next volcanic eruption will be.»

(The five previous extinction events all came before the evolution of Homo sapiens, apparently triggered by a cataclysmic event or combination of events, such as a fall in sea level, an asteroid impact, volcanic activity.)

Infrasound signals can remain strong as they travel over large distances, making them useful for pinpointing the location and size of events such as nuclear explosions, meteorite strikes, volcanic eruptions and sometimes earthquake ruptures.

These datasets will be used to improve strategic and hazard - warning capabilities of events in near real - time, such as tracking plumes from dust storms, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires.

Following the discovery of volcanic rocks of the same age as the extinction, volcanic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions had previously been suggested as an important contributor to this extinction event.

This further evidence of episodic emissions of volcanic CO2 as the likely driver of the extinction enhances our understanding of this event, and potentially of other climate change episodes in Earth's history.»

Tsunamis triggered by point - source events such as volcanic collapses or submarine landslides are not likely to have as wide an impact because the waves appear to dissipate quickly with distance.

Volcanic explosions can produce these low - frequency acoustic waves, as well as events such as meteors entering Earth's atmosphere, and even chemical or nuclear explosions.

Giant lateral collapses are rather common events during the evolution of a large volcanic edifice, often with dramatic consequences such as tsunami and volcano explosions.

The inter-annual temperature variability is linked to natural effects such as major volcanic eruptions, ENSO events and solar variability.

The volcanic events associated with these intervals caused global weather and climate phenomena and are often used by climate modelers as well to understand volcanic sulfate loading on the climate.

In the troposphere, major volcanic events have a strong cooling effect, as stratospheric aerosols reflect away some incoming solar radiation before it enters the troposphere.

While the stratosphere recovers from volcanic events quite quickly, the troposphere takes longer as some heat is transferred into the oceans, where cooling - down and heating back up take time.

Most homeowner policies cover direct damages that result from volcanic eruptions, but do not cover floods or earthquakes that occur as a separate event, or in the aftermath of a volcanic eruption.

She has captured such events as speeding motorcycles on the Bonneville Salt Flats, Olympic synchronized swimmers in their attempts to defy gravity, kayaks performing a synchronized ballet in Arctic waters, sulfur miners inside an active volcano, a camel caravan crossing the Taklamakan desert of Western China, the exploration of an otherworldly crystal cavern half a mile below the earth's surface, and Afar nomads defending the volatile and volcanic Danakil Depression in the Horn of Africa.

The computer models deal with the actual energy and matter flows within, and in and out of the system, and do not account for random geological or cosmological events, such as volcanic eruptions or asteroid impacts, solar disturbances, etc..

I say usually, since there are cases such as the trees flattened by the Tunguska impact, or buried by volcanic ash, that quite obviously recorded direct effects these event.

So without any ice core evidence of a volcanic event in AD 540, a cosmic impact could be seen as the next best cause for a two stage event.

I've sometimes thought that global cataclysms like the largest volcanic eruptions would disrupt the glacial records by many years, like Oruanui eruption c. 26500bp, as these would induce unrecorded behavior in weather and other things, f.e. the huge ash deposits might decrease the albedo so much a local melting event happens.

If we know how to simulate a volcanic haze event as the plant would see it — Grow one set of plants with no direct sunlight but exposed to enhanced diffuse skylight vs. another set growing in direct sunlight and normal skylight?

Flxible, diffused light is described as enhancing growth, for some plants; volcanic events might increase the diffused and lessen the direct sunlight; the two effects might cancel out.

In fact, climate models are tested against historic trends, both near history and distant history, and then tested against specific events, such as the effects of volcanic eruption.

So those lesser El Nino events would bias any statistical analyses, as would the volcanic eruptions.

If by observational data, you mean the amount of aerosols in the atmosphere, I think that would be a key piece of information that would need to be included in the models as without it the response to volcanic events can not be modeled or predicted.

Their causes range from completely unpredictable events like volcanic eruptions (which have mainly local effects) to more regular phenomena such as «El Niño» (a warming of the surface waters of the tropical Pacific that occurs every three to five years, temporarily affecting weather world - wide).

As these things are fitting in category of predictable - and global decadal volcanic prediction isn't as an amusing game at this time - though the «right» volcanic events could change this into a new poplar fetisAs these things are fitting in category of predictable - and global decadal volcanic prediction isn't as an amusing game at this time - though the «right» volcanic events could change this into a new poplar fetisas an amusing game at this time - though the «right» volcanic events could change this into a new poplar fetish.

Burning fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum adds carbon to the atmosphere that would otherwise remain trapped underground for perpetuity, absent geologic events such as volcanic eruptions or oil seepage.

The averaging reduces the signal from short - term natural variability, such as associated with El Niño events and volcanic eruptions, which can leave a clear mark on annual averages.

The iconic climate curve, a combination of observed land and ocean temperatures, has quite a few ups and downs, most of which climate scientists can easily associate with natural phenomena such as large volcanic eruptions or El Nino events.

The 2011 paper of Foster and Rahmstorf presents a possible further interpretation where the period 1977 - 2010 is presented as a combination of effects due to ENSO, solar irradiation and aerosol optical depth (volcanic events) and a linear trend.

As an example, using online monthly climate agency data I made this chart to help me understand how the long term temperature trends are affected by major volcanic eruptions and El Nino - La Nina events.

«A climate pattern may come in the form of a regular cycle, like the diurnal cycle or the seasonal cycle; a quasi periodic event, like El Niño; or a highly irregular event, such as a volcanic winter... A mode of variability is a climate pattern with identifiable characteristics, specific regional effects, and often oscillatory behavior... the mode of variability with the greatest effect on climates worldwide is the seasonal cycle, followed by El Niño - Southern Oscillation, followed by thermohaline circulation.»

I consider it as very likely that the 20 year trends will still be statistically significant also in three, five or ten years from now, unless there is some strong volcanic explosion that blows a lot of reflecting aerosols in the stratosphere causing a temporary temperature dip, or some other cause the effect of which is explainable within the framework of current knowledge about the climate system, but as event not really predictable.

Volcanic eruptions and El Niño events are identified as sharp cooling events punctuating a long - term ocean warming trend, while heating continues during the recent upper - ocean - warming hiatus, but the heat is absorbed in the deeper ocean.

As for aerosols, you seem to be under the illusion that the only thing that matters is volcanic events, and even then only that they happen.

And that this is reflected in individual model runs but as the timing of events such as El Nino / La Nina, volcanic eruptions etc. is unpredictable when projections are made based on ensemble runs then they will tend to average out and the projection will show a fairly steady trend.

These particles remain in the ice thousands of years later, providing physical evidence of past global events, such as major volcanic eruptions.

Their projections are not even in principle forecasts because the modelers have no way of knowing what exogenous events such as major volcanic eruptions might occur.

Volcanic activity puts a great number of gaseous materials into the atmosphere so any warming as a result of severe volcanic events would be more likely a result of increasing overall atmospheric density rather than just being attributable to CO2 emVolcanic activity puts a great number of gaseous materials into the atmosphere so any warming as a result of severe volcanic events would be more likely a result of increasing overall atmospheric density rather than just being attributable to CO2 emvolcanic events would be more likely a result of increasing overall atmospheric density rather than just being attributable to CO2 emissions.

So what they do is add the volcanic disturbances from known historical events, such as Pinatubi, etc..

92) If one factors in non-greenhouse influences such as El Nino events and large volcanic eruptions, lower atmosphere satellite - based temperature measurements show little, if any, global warming since 1979, a period over which atmospheric CO2 has increased by 55 ppm (17 per cent).

Some commentators have responded to those questions with bewilderment and — at least partial — resignation, as if rightwing populism and hatred are unavoidable socio - political events, much like volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.

As it is now, temperature response to volcanic forcing leads events in some cases which is obviously wrong and volcanic (aerosols) forcing direct and indirect effects are the second largest source of model uncertainty.

We do not know enough to determine under what circumstance CO2 is a forcing or a feedback relative to temperature sometimes it maybe both sometimes over large areas it may even be a coolant e.g. if you think it is the main driver (which I don't) you would have to say it acted as a coolant for several thousand years from the Holocene climate optimum to the LIA — see Fig 6 in the last post at http://climatesense-norpag.blogspot.com I quoted the end Permian Siberian traps as a possible example of CO2 as a forcing but even here CO2 was rising rapidly before the volcanic event.

In fact the long term behaviour of the temperature record does correlate reasonably well with CO2 in the long term (longer than the semi-regular modulations due to ENSO and other shorter term forcings and the duration of intermittent one off events such as volcanic activity).

Professor Plimer said climate change was caused by natural events such as volcanic eruptions, the shifting of the Earth's orbit and cosmic radiation.

What does seem to be known is that aerosols fall out of the lower atmosphere (as high as they can be launched with conventional bombs) in days, and persist for less than 2 years when launched into the stratosphere by a major volcanic event like Pinatubo which was equivalent to several H bombs.