Not exact matches
The method combines a
model for systems such
as weather or climate with real - world data points to develop
predictions about the future.
This is quite subtle though —
weather forecast
models obviously do better if they have initial conditions that are closer to the observations, and one might argue that for particular climate
model predictions that are strongly dependent on the base climatology (such
as for Arctic sea ice) tuning to the climatology will be worthwhile.
Specific examples of additional impacts include a reduction in capital equipment acquisitions across the entire lab with computing alone sliding from $ 7 million to $ 3 million, the elimination of NCAR's lidar research facility
as well
as the extra-solar planet program, delays in computer
modeling and
prediction efforts for both
weather and climate, reductions in the solar coronal observing program, a reduction in the number of post doctoral appointments, reduction of the societal impacts program, and widespread deferred maintenance and delays in equipment and instrument acquisition and replacement.
Crichton seemed to imply that «
prediction» (such
as that provided by
weather or climate
models) is useless in the decision making process.
However, 95 % of the time, each
model is performing at about the same skill level
as quiescent
weather is not particularly challenging for today's numerical
prediction systems.
The GCM
models referred to
as climate
models are actually
weather models only capable of predicting
weather about two weeks into the future and
as we are aware from our
weather forecasts temperature
predictions...
Type 3 dynamic downscaling takes lateral boundary conditions from a global
model prediction forced by specified real world surface boundary conditions, such
as for seasonal
weather predictions based on observed sea surface temperatures, but the initial observed atmospheric conditions in the global
model are forgotten.
In my experience this is certainly the case if you talk about the simulations
as predictions rather than projections — the climate
models are not predicting what the
weather will be on the 5th of May 2051 — they are providing projections of the climate based on emission scenarios and initial conditions.
The 2001 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report that governments accept
as certain
predictions of future
weather says, «In climate research and
modeling, we should recognize that we are dealing with a coupled non-linear chaotic system, and therefore that the long - term
prediction of future climate states is not possible.»
«The CCR - II report correctly explains that most of the reports on global warming and its impacts on sea - level rise, ice melts, glacial retreats, impact on crop production, extreme
weather events, rainfall changes, etc. have not properly considered factors such
as physical impacts of human activities, natural variability in climate, lopsided
models used in the
prediction of production estimates, etc..
I agree gbaikie that
models are not appropriate for
prediction but could assist in sorting out natural variability
as distinct from anthropic influences on
weather and climate.
As these
models through research and development, become more skilled at higher and higher resolution and gain the capability of replicating increasingly complex
weather phenomena, the public, through the
predictions of the National
Weather Service, will be better served through more precise
weather predictions for places and times where you are.
The ECMWF provides its supercomputer - run Integrated Forecasting System, a world - renowned numerical
weather prediction model,
as a basis for some Copernicus services, such
as atmospheric forecasts and reanalysis data.
«
Prediction of
weather and climate are necessarily uncertain: our observations of
weather and climate are uncertain, the
models into which we assimilate this data and predict the future are uncertain, and external effects such
as volcanoes and anthropogenic greenhouse emissions are also uncertain.
Linearity can be a useful approximation for short - term effects when changes are small
as in some
weather forecasting, but certainly not for the long - term
predictions from climate
models.
He said the company's supercomputer is «not nearly
as big
as what [the National Centers for Environmental
Prediction] has,» but it's almost exclusively devoted to the
weather model — unlike the government's computer, which is split among multiple tasks.
GFDL scientists focus on
model - building relevant for society, such
as hurricane research,
weather and ocean
prediction, seasonal forecasting, and understanding global and regional climate change.
Finally, there's consensus that we can not look at climate forecasts — in particular, probabilistic forecasts — the same way we view
weather predictions, and none of us would sell climate -
model output, either at face value or after statistical analysis,
as a reliable representation of the complete range of possible futures.
Lorenz is most famous scientifically for discovering the exquisite sensitivity to initial conditions (i.e. chaos) in a simple
model of fluid convection, which serves
as an archetype for the
weather prediction problem.
While
weather predictions and long - term climate are very complex and beyond the author's expertise, he feels the single issue of heat absorption and radiation due to carbon dioxide is much simpler, well understood, and better
modeled and measured
as proposed here.