These practices include using effective classroom management procedures; promoting student
engagement and motivation;
assessing student readiness; responding to learning styles; grouping students for instruction; and teaching to the student's zone of proximal development (the distance between what a
learner can demonstrate without assistance and what the
learner can do with assistance)(Allan & Tomlinson, 2000; Ellis & Worthington, 1994; Vygotsky, 1978).