As discussed in Part II of this review,
urine hormone testing using both gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GS - MS) or liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC - MS / MS) is well - established in the medical literature as a reliable method of
assessing levels of active (free & conjugated) hormones and their
metabolites, correlates well with patient symptoms, and reflects the beneficial impact (or lack of benefit and potentially oncogenic effect) of therapeutic interventions.43, 444 Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, also known as enzyme immunoassay [EIA]-RRB- analysis may not be accurate.