Sentences with phrase «assessing changes in forcings»

Two: assessing changes in forcings associated with changes in climate — using data sufficient to do the statistics.

Not exact matches

Indeed the estimate of aerosol forcing used in the calculation of transient climate response (TCR) in the paper does not come directly from climate models, but instead incorporates an adjustment to those models so that the forcing better matches the assessed estimates from the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Given that it doesn't matter much which forcing is changing, sensitivity can be assessed from any particular period in the past where the changes in forcing are known and the corresponding equilibrium temperature change can be estimated.

It assesses an athletes» ability to change quickly from an eccentric to a concentric contraction and their ability to develop maximal forces in minimal ground contact time.

Given that it doesn't matter much which forcing is changing, sensitivity can be assessed from any particular period in the past where the changes in forcing are known and the corresponding equilibrium temperature change can be estimated.

However, none of these issues really affect the attribution argument because a) differences in magnitude of forcing over time are assessed by way of the scales in the attribution process, and b) errors in the spatial pattern will end up in the residuals, which are not large enough to change the overall assessment.

To my mind, the «first - order» forcings would be the ones without which you can't really do without in assessing global climate change.

[Response: If it were indeed true that CO2 always lags temperature changes, never leads (which I don't believe) then what you would have proved is that past analoges are of limited value to assessing the present warming, because in this case we do know that the forcing if from GHG's, since we know the CO2 increase is anthro — William]

Recently I have been looking at the climate models collected in the CMIP3 archive which have been analysed and assessed in IPCC and it is very interesting to see how the forced changes — i.e. the changes driven the external factors such as greenhouse gases, tropospheric aerosols, solar forcing and stratospheric volcanic aerosols drive the forced response in the models (which you can see by averaging out several simulations of the same model with the same forcing)-- differ from the internal variability, such as associated with variations of the North Atlantic and the ENSO etc, which you can see by looking at individual realisations of a particular model and how it differs from the ensemble mean.

The disagreement arises from different assessments of the value and importance of particular classes of evidence as well as disagreement about the appropriate logical framework for linking and assessing the evidence — my reasoning is weighted heavily in favor of observational evidence and understanding of natural internal variability of the climate system, whereas the IPCC's reasoning is weighted heavily in favor of climate model simulations and external forcing of climate change.

They are used to investigate the processes responsible for maintaining the general circulation and its natural and forced variability (Chapter 8), to assess the role of various forcing factors in observed climate change (Chapter 9) and to provide projections of the response of the system to scenarios of future external forcing (Chapter 10).

Since there are some differences in the climate changes simulated by various models even if the same forcing scenario is used, the models are compared to assess the uncertainties in the responses.

Real Climate defines climate forcings as «the changes that affect the energy balance of the planet» and «first order forcings» as «To my mind, the «first - order» forcings would be the ones without which you can't really do without in assessing global climate change.

Evidently, it is critically important to include endogenous forces such as competition in assessing and predicting forest changes under the current and future climates.

However, to assess climate response beyond surface temperature change (e.g., changes in precipitation, latent heat release from surface, or in the surface heat and moisture balance), it becomes necessary to understand the surface radiative forcing for all forcings.

The effect of changes in anthropogenic and natural forcings on global surface temperature after 1998 is assessed with a statistical model that is estimated with a sample that ends in 1998.

Our results further indicate that while the change in cloud forcing may not accurately represent the sign or magnitude of cloud feedback, it does provide a useful metric for assessing intermodel differences in cloud feedback.

Here, we also assess aspects of irreversibility in the context of abrupt change, multiple steady states and hysteresis, i.e., the question whether a change (abrupt or not) would be reversible if the forcing was reversed or removed (e.g., Boucher et al., 2012).

«Carbon Tracker lauds the FSB Task Force's efforts to harmonize disclosure of the material risks of climate change in order to provide decision - useful information to the users of corporate reports.f Addressing current disclosure gaps will allow users of financial disclosures to better assess how companies consider and manage climate - related risks,» said Mark Campanale, founder of the Carbon Tracker Initiative.

The objective of this chapter is to assess scientific understanding about the extent to which the observed climate changes that are reported in Chapters 3 to 6 are expressions of natural internal climate variability and / or externally forced climate change.

When assessing changes in ENSO, it must be recognised that an El Niño - like pattern can apparently occur at a variety of time - scales ranging from interannual to inter-decadal (Zhang et al., 1997), either without any change in forcing or as a response to external forcings such as increased CO2 (Meehl and Washington, 1996; Knutson and Manabe, 1998; Noda et al., 1999a, b; Boer et al., 2000b; Meehl et al., 2000b).

Both life insurance agents and brokers will help you assess your life insurance needs; arrange for the purchase of a policy; provide ongoing support (say you want to change your beneficiary, renew, convert or change your coverage amount); and help your beneficiary submit a claim should you die while the policy's in force.

The policy statement «The Future of Pediatrics: Mental Health Competencies for Pediatric Primary Care» outlined the skills pediatricians need in the area of mental health.37 The AAP Task Force on Mental Health has developed materials to help pediatricians assess their current practice and readiness to change and to code accurately for mental health screening and services.38, 39 The AAP also developed a Web site providing resources and materials free of charge (http://www2.aap.org/commpeds/dochs/mentalhealth/KeyResources.html) 40 as well as «Addressing Mental Health Concerns in Primary Care: A Clinician's Toolkit,» 41 which is available for a fee.

We assessed the possibility that changing trends in social forces and knowledge about the risks of smoking may have affected the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and smoking behaviors.