Sentences with word «astrocyte»

«Our findings have provided us not only with a new perspective on the role of astrocytes in cognition, but also with an exciting drug target to enhance memory and maybe even stave off memory decline in Alzheimer's disease,» says senior author Lennart Mucke, MD, director of the Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease and professor of neurology and neuroscience at the University of California, San Francisco.

In 2001, researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai reported that chronic morphine administration in rats activated glial cells called astrocytes in the spinal cord.

Related sites More on astrocytes from the Society for Neuroscience Fred Gage's research Charles Stevens's research

S100B is released into the blood stream by astrocytes in the brain when brain injury occurs.

3D time - lapse of neuron: Time - lapse image of mouse primary neuron labeled with EGFP after co-culture with astrocyte for 2 weeks.

Indrani hopes that her research will help scientists focus on astrocytes as a target to fight brain injury and disease.

Human NSCs express SOX2 and NESTIN (A) and are tri-potent, which can differentiate into astrocytes shown by GFAP (green) and S100 - Beta (red) staining (B), neurons shown by TUJ1 staining (green)(C), and oligodendrocytes shown by O4 staining (green)(D).

Based on the strong evidence of a role for astrocytes in developmental synapse formation and function, we will test the following hypothesis: synaptic function and stability in the aging brain is impaired due to a decrease in astrocytic production of permissive synaptogenic factors and an increase in astrocytic production of factors that destabilize synapses.

«We're excited to be contributing to a growing area of study of how astrocytes contribute to neurodegeneration, and to have uncovered a role for NO as a neuronal cell death signaling molecule,» said corresponding author Mel B. Feany, MD, PhD, a senior pathologist in the BWH Department of Pathology.

The new study indicates astrocytes do more than that.

A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling reactive astrocyte function is fundamental to therapeutic interventions for brain trauma.

Using lab - grown mouse astrocytes with variant forms of NHE9, the researchers found a change in the pH (acidity) inside cellular compartments called endosomes, which in turn altered the ability of cells to take up glutamate.

Instead, hGDAsCNTF — but not hGDAsBMP — expressed several antigens expressed in astrocytes generated in response to injury (Fig. 1 E and F), including the transcription factor OLIG2 and the chondroitin sulphate proteogylcans (CSPGs) phosphacan and CSPG4 / NG2 [5], [26]--[31].

Researchers found TRIF signaling is able to eliminate these aberrantly activated astrocytes by apoptosis, a suicide program of the cells.

«Brain function: First look at how astrocytes function in humans.»

They observed that those reactive astrocytes formed quickly after axons were severed, but that neutralizing TNF - alpha, IL -1-alpha and C1q with antibodies to these three substances prevented A1 formation and RGC death in the animals.

Kadimastem's product, AstroRx ® is a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)- based treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), based on astrocytes produced from stem cells.

In brief our present studies provide the first demonstration of the utility of human astrocyte transplantation as a therapy for central nervous system injuries.

To test the functional properties of these distinct astrocyte populations in vivo, hGDAsBMP, hGDAsCNTF or undifferentiated hGPCs were transplanted into the injury site of adult Sprague - Dawley rats that had received unilateral transections of the right - side dorso - lateral funiculus (DLF), including the rubrospinal pathway, at the C3 / C4 intervertebral spinal cord level.

This is the first time researchers discovered a direct association between astrocytes and AD.

AD astrocytes also showed alterations in their energy metabolism which likely led to increased production of reactive oxygen species and reduced production of lactate, an important energy substrate for neurons.

Combined, they propelled resting astrocytes into a full - fledged A1 state.

The study adds to the evidence that the star - shaped cells called astrocytes play a leading role in keeping the nervous system in good working order.

However, in response to TBI, the knockout mice showed greatly reduced astrocyte reactivity compared with controls.

James Muñoz spent the first 2 years of his PENN - PORT postdoc doing research with neuroscientist Philip Haydon, studying how astrocytes affect neuronal function.

«We found that by culturing aging astrocytes and those harboring the ALS mutation with a neuron - protective protein called GDNF, we could increase motor neuron survival.

Mimicking pH - evoked Ca2 + responses by optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes expressing channelrhodopsin - 2 activated chemoreceptor neurons via ATP - dependent mechanism and triggered robust respiratory responses in vivo.

«One of the major tasks now is to explore whether astrocytes are also converted to neurons in the human brain following damage or disease.

Astrocyte cultures are prepared from the cerebral cortex of postnatal mice of five to seven days of age.

In some rats, Jones and her colleagues inhibited astrocyte activity during the original trauma, which prevented the cells from releasing the inflammation protein.

«We really know very little about how astrocytes contribute to the modulation of appetite, eating, and metabolism,» he says.

Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) have developed a genetic model that is yielding new insights into what happens when astrocytes go awry.

As the animals were shown different animated graphics, neurons responded within milliseconds, and astrocytes became active seconds later — matching the time delay that neuroimagers have long known accompanies blood flow to active brain regions.

The new test allowed them to observe how interactions between synapses and astrocytes change over time, as well as during various diseases, in mouse models.

Next they bred these transgenic animals with mice lacking their own apoE gene, creating animals whose astrocytes made only human apoE.

C. WT astrocytes release factors that are sufficient to rescue the phenotype of ASD neurons.

«Our findings define a potential mechanism for neuronal cell death in Alexander disease and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases with astrocyte dysfunction.»

Scientists in UT Southwestern's Department of Molecular Biology first successfully turned astrocytes — the most common non-neuronal brain cells — into neurons that formed networks in mice.

Within two to 12 weeks, the organoids were sprouting additional neurons, including ones found in very specific regions of the human cortex; glia cells including astrocytes; and neural stem cells.

«If a tumor cell detaches from its vessel, it gets killed by nearby astrocytes.

Interestingly, the areas in which astrocytes looked the most different were brain areas where neurons are known to function notably less well with age or even to die — the cerebellum and the hypothalamus.

This method also allowed the researchers to compare astrocytes in healthy tissue versus those coming from people with glioblastoma or epilepsy.

Piece three: They can produce outputs — neurotransmitters and perhaps even calcium waves that spread to other astrocytes.