Sentences with word «astroglial»
The word "astroglial" refers to something that is related to or associated with a type of cell called astrocytes. Astrocytes are a specific type of cell found in the brain and spinal cord that support and protect the nerve cells. So, when something is described as "astroglial," it means that it is connected to these support cells in the brain. Full definition
«Using this technology, the study is the first to discover the critical role of astroglial cells in Down syndrome as well as identify a promising pathway for exploring how a drug such as minocycline may offer an effective way to help treat it.»
sciencedaily.com
Deng and his colleagues next induced the stem cells to develop into separate pure populations of astroglial cells and neurons.
They found that a certain protein, known as S100B, is markedly increased in astroglial cells from patients with Down syndrome compared with those from healthy controls.
The researchers further treated the iPSC - derived astroglial cells with a common antibiotic that is routinely used to treat infections, arthritis and acne.
«Astroglial function is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in neuronal dysfunction in the brain, and this is the first study to show its importance in Down syndrome.»
The findings, which focused on support cells in the brain called astroglial cells, appear online today in Nature Communications.
These cells are similar to brain astroglial cells, and both types of glial cells are activated after TBI.
Chiang, Stephanie W. Fowler, David J. Shim, Jennifer Rodriguez - Rivera, Giulio Taglialatela, Joanna L. Jankowsky, Hui - Chen Lu, Hui Zheng (2014) «NFκB - activated astroglial release of complement C3 compromises neuronal morphology and function associated with Alzheimer's Disease», Neuron 85:101 - 15.
«Interestingly, the reactive astroglial cells were reprogrammed into excitatory neurons, whereas the NG2 cells were reprogrammed into both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, making it possible to achieve an excitation - inhibition balance in the brain after reprogramming,» Chen said.
The scientists found that two types of reactive glial cells — star - shaped astroglial cells and NG2 glial cells — were reprogrammed into neurons within one week after being infected with the NeuroD1 retrovirus.
The green fluorescence is due to genetic fate mapping indicative of a previously active GLAST promoter in an original astroglial cell.
Amiry - Moghaddam M, Otsuka T, Hurn PD, Traystman RJ, Haug FM, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Neely JD, Agre P, Ottersen OP, Bhardwaj A (2003) An alpha - syntrophin - dependent pool of AQP4 in astroglial end - feet confers bidirectional water flow between blood and brain.
Project: Axon - astroglial Interaction and its Effects on Optic Nerve Repair
To further test this finding, the researchers then injected one group of mice with the iPSC - derived astroglial cells and another group with the iPSC - derived neurons.
Next we these tools to explore how mutations in the HTT protein impact on human cortical development and human neuronal and astroglial functions.
They then coaxed these induced pluripotent stem cells, which are genetically identical to the patients» cells, to develop into two separate groups of nerve cells: neurons and what are called astroglial cells.
This is a confocal image showing intricate structure of astroglial cells (pink, stained with anti GFAP antibody) interconnected with neurons (stained light blue with anti-β III tubulin).
Ice hockey players with sports - related concussion have elevations in the axonal injury biomarker total tau and the astroglial injury biomarker S - 100 calcium - binding protein B, according to a study published online March 13 in JAMA Neurology.
Unlike many drugs, minocycline can cross from the bloodstream into the brain so that it can act on the astroglial cells.
The investigators obtained further evidence of the critical role of astroglial cells in Down syndrome by implanting the skin - cell derived astroglial cells from Down syndrome patients into mice.
When they administered minocycline — a tetracycline antibiotic with anti-inflammatory properties commonly used to treat bacterial infections, acne and arthritis — many of the abnormalities in the astroglial cells were corrected and there were more healthy interactions between the astroglia and neurons compared to the control cells without the defect.
S100B released by astroglial cells promotes harmful astroglial activation (astrogliosis) and adversely affects neurons, causing them to die at increased rates or develop in multiple dysfunctional ways.
Astroglial cells are a type of «helper» cell in that they assist in the development of neurons.
Those mice injected with the astroglial cells displayed markers for Down syndrome, while those injected with the neurons did not.
This increase in the amount of protein produced by the astroglial cells in turn had a negative effect on the development of neurons, causing them to die outright or to develop abnormally.
This led the researchers to conclude that the abnormal functioning of the astroglial cells plays a key role in the occurrence of Down syndrome.
The researchers found that the astroglial cells derived from the patients with Down syndrome produced a certain protein in amounts larger than normal.
Astroglial versus neuronal D - serine: check your controls!
hGDAsBMP also expressed connexin 43 (CX43), glutamate transporter 1 (GLT - 1), AKAP12 and glia - derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), all of which are expressed in the astroglial lineage [23]--[25].
During development, astroglial cells (i.e. supporting cells of central nervous system) guide growing axons to their final destinations.