Everyday terms that hint
at aerosol sources, such as smoke, ash, haze, dust, pollution, and soot are widely used as well.
Not exact matches
At this point however, it is not clear how this amount compares to primary urban
aerosol sources.
When Rajan Chakrabarty, Ph.D., an assistant research professor
at the Desert Research Institute, began looking into the regional inventories of human - produced
sources of carbon
aerosol pollution in South Asia, considered to be a climate change hot spot, he knew something was missing.
A third key hypothesis involves acidic
aerosols released
at volcanic sites, such as acid fog, dispersed throughout the atmosphere, and interacting subsequently with the finer components of soil as a
source of widespread hydrated iron - sulfate salts.
Since Thornton's and his colleagues» study was published, Ilan Koren and Orit Altaratz
at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and colleagues have found, using the WWLLN, that more intense lightning is connected with
aerosol sources over land.
The cooling effect of
aerosols can partly offset global warming on a short - term basis, but many are made of organic material that comes from
sources that scientists don't fully understand, said Joost de Gouw, a research physicist
at NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder, Colo., who is unaffiliated with the studies.
Maybe one could add instead: «This downward radiation from greenhouse gases (and some fine solid air particles («
aerosols») e.g. can be measured
at the surface in nights with clear sky and no other radiation
sources in the atmosphere (e.g. Philipona and Dürr 2004 doi / 10.1029 / 2004GL020937).
And as tropospheric
aerosols have an average lifetime of only 4 days before raining out, the influence must be
at and near the
sources... Thus what is the real influence of
aerosols?
So, regardless of how many
aerosols are present
at any given time and regardless of how much temperature rise can be attributed to the dissipation of those
aerosols, ultimately neither the eruptions nor the
aerosols can be the
source of the original heat.
As far as the original post goes, if you simply look
at calculated forcings from known
sources (Volcanic
Aerosol, Solar Irradience and Greenhouse gases) you can replicate the last 150 years of temperature records surprisingly well; take any of these factors out and you can not.
Our analysis shows that, although important in cloud physics the results do not lead to the conclusion that cosmic rays affect atmospheric clouds significantly,
at least if H2SO4 is the dominant
source of
aerosols in the atmosphere.
It isn't like tropospheric
aerosols can travel all that far or they aren't most concentrated
at the
source.
Given that, if one wants freedom of choice and an efficient market, shouldn't one accept a market solution (tax / credit or analogous system based on public costs, applied strategically to minimize paperwork (don't tax residential utility bills — apply upstream instead), applied approximately fairly to both be fair and encourage an efficient market response (don't ignore any significant category, put all
sources of the same emission on equal footing; if cap / trade, allow some exchange between CO2 and CH4, etc, based CO2 (eq); include ocean acidification, etc.), allowing some approximation to that standard so as to not get very high costs in dealing with small details and also to address the biggest, most - well understood effects and
sources first (put off dealing with the costs and benifits of sulphate
aerosols, etc, until later if necessary — but get
at high - latitude black carbon right away)?
I am currently working on a variety of topics related to
aerosol research and their
sources, sinks, and interactions with climate
at various levels of complexity.