Sentences with phrase «at cellular reactions»

Not exact matches

RNA, widely known as a cellular messenger that makes proteins and carries out DNA's instructions to other parts of the cell, is now understood to perform sophisticated chemical reactions and is believed to perform an extraordinary number of other functions, at least some of which are unknown.

His body of research has focused on how mtDNA mutations contribute to both rare and common diseases by disrupting bioenergetics — chemical reactions that generate energy at the cellular level.

Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.

This sets off a chain reaction of imbalance and damage at the cellular level referred to as oxidative stress - a condition thought to be a core factor in the aging process itself!

NF - kB translates stress by activating genes to produce proteins called cytokines that cause inflammation at cellular level — a reaction that is useful as a short - lived fight - or - flight reaction, but if persistent leads to a higher risk of cancer, accelerated aging and psychiatric disorders like depression.

Minor reactions generally don't need any treatment but it's important to realize that although the noticeable reaction will be self - limiting, there is most likely being damage done at a cellular level which could show up weeks, months, or years later as chronic health problems.