Sentences with phrase «at high hydrogen»

Advanced materials are essential in improving the overall system efficiency at high hydrogen production rates, reducing capital cost, and efficiently using renewable and industrial waste heats.

Not exact matches

Researchers had long suspected that Uranus's atmosphere was laced with hydrogen sulfide, and in concentrations dozens of times higher than at Saturn or Jupiter.

It will follow the evolution of similar stars, eventually running out of hydrogen fuel, at which point it will shift to burning helium at a much higher temperature, and will eventually, 5 billion years from now, gradually become a red giant with a diameter greater than the Earth's present orbit.

At high heat, the cladding interacts with the surrounding water vapor, binding tightly to the oxygen and freeing the hydrogen, which escapes as a gas.

In contrast, hydrogen stays gaseous, and at high pressure it is also an effective greenhouse gas.

Now, Jeffrey Hangst, an experimental physicist at Aarhus University in Denmark, and his 48 colleagues at the ALPHA collaboration at CERN have precisely measured the energy difference between antihydrogen's lowest energy state, called the 1S, and a higher energy state known as the 2S, by far the most precisely measured transition in ordinary hydrogen.

HIGH - VOLTAGE POWER You will need at least 20,000 volts * and a 10 - milliamp current to create enough heat to crush those hydrogen nuclei together.

Units 1 and 3 have experienced explosions that destroyed exterior walls, apparently from buildups of hydrogen gas produced by the zirconium in the fuel rods reacting with coolant water at extremely high temperatures — but the interior containment vessels there thus far seem to be intact.

It seems likely that the highly localised heating on the surface of nanoparticles somehow disrupts hydrogen bonding within the ethanol — water mixture, allowing greater separation of ethanol from water molecules at higher concentrations of ethanol.

Says materials scientist Michael Heben, who worked on the project: This points to the possibility of high - density hydrogen storage at room temperatures.

At the same time, they also make it possible to obtain high - purity hydrogen for clean energy generation and storage, making ceramic membranes a key technology for transforming the energy sector (Energiewende).

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) seeks to create those conditions by taking a tiny capsule of fusion fuel (typically a mixture of the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium) and crushing it at high speed using some form of «driver,» such as lasers, particle beams, or magnetic pulses.

At that boundary, atmospheric pressures 100,000 times higher than those at Earth's surface strip protons and electrons from the planet's hydrogeAt that boundary, atmospheric pressures 100,000 times higher than those at Earth's surface strip protons and electrons from the planet's hydrogeat Earth's surface strip protons and electrons from the planet's hydrogen.

In 1953, Stanley Miller, then at the University of Chicago, was the first to synthesise amino acids by passing high voltages through a cocktail of ammonia, methane, hydrogen and water vapour.

Using spectral readings from telescopes at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, Hand has found high levels of oxidative chemicals such as sulfate, oxygen, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide on Europa's surface, which are produced as ionizing radiation from Jupiter scours it, splitting apart water molecules and sulfur compounds in the uppermost layers of its ice.

But when Curiosity's Sample Analysis at Mars experiment (SAM) vaporised Martian soil, it found a ratio five times higher: one deuterium for every 1284 hydrogens.

Hydrogen trioxide is stable at low temperatures but begins to decompose slowly at -40 degreesC, forming so - called singlet oxygen, a high - energy form of the gas which can be detected by its reaction with dimethylanthracene.

Because hydrogen fluoride molecules break down at high temperatures, the spectra of warmer stars show less of the gas than those of cooler ones do — even if the warmer stars contain just as much fluorine.

Co-author Professor Sir John Meurig Thomas, from the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge, said the work could be extended so that many of the liquid components of refined petroleum and inexpensive solid catalysts can pave the way for the generation of massive quantities of high - purity hydrogen for other commercial uses, including CO2 - free energy production.

Films printed with the ink produced hydrogen without electrolytes or external power sources at a relatively high rate.

In 2008, Ludwik Leibler, a chemist at the Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution (ESPCI) in Paris, harnessed another (weaker) type of bonding — hydrogen bonding — to make a self - repairing rubber that heals itself when two broken sides are simply compressed together.

Our study presents the first experimental evidence that hydrogen could behave as predicted, although at much higher pressures than previously thought.

At the center of the cloud, matter would pile up to densities and temperatures that (scientists later realized) were high enough to allow hydrogen atoms to fuse into helium.

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have put this hydrogen «cure» to practical use, making optical fibers that transmit stable, high - power ultraviolet laser light for hundreds of hours.

It has been speculated that at high pressures hydrogen even transforms to a metal, which means it conducts electricity.

Such reactions at hydrothermal vents and in other extreme environments on Earth produce high abundances of hydrogen, which some microbes use for food.

Since life originated on the earth in a span much shorter than the present age of the earth, we have additional evidence that the origin of life has a high probability, at least on planets with an abundant supply of hydrogen - rich gases, liquid water and sources of energy.

Yet, the gas is essential — despite its dangers, silane remains the best way to deliver silicon molecules to a surface, because at high temperatures (above 400 degrees Celsius) it breaks into silicon and hydrogen.

Our method allows for the hydrogen to be produced at high pressure in a distributed manner, which means it could be produced in petrol stations, residential areas, garages or farms.

At the poles, gamma - ray data from Mars Odyssey show high concentrations of hydrogen — «the icing on the cake,» Head says.

At present, the implementation of hydrogen fuel cells is being hindered by the high material costs of platinum.

«The fact that this high - speed flickering was observed at the same time as flickering with a typical 1/10 second period may mean that the flickering aurora was caused by «electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves» (* 2), which are affected by both oxygen and hydrogen ions.»

In 1935 Eugene Wigner and Hillard Bell Huntington conjectured that at very high pressures, when hydrogen makes the transition from the «molecular» phase to the «atomic» phase (when the atoms are so close to each other that the molecular structures can no longer be distinguished), hydrogen acquires metallic properties.

Such stars have masses of at least eight times that of the Sun and high surface temperatures of 10 000 K or more, but they exhaust their hydrogen supply more quickly than starts of lower mass: over some tens of mil - lions of years, compared to billions of years for stars like the Sun.

The lower operating temperature allows better integration with renewable or waste heat for producing hydrogen economically at large - scale and mitigates the high degradation rate and limited lifespan issues.

Therefore, high - resolution follow - up optical observations were performed by the Hubble Space Telescope to reveal «beads on a string» at the center of SpARCS1049 +56 which occur when, similar to a necklace, clumps of new star formation appear strung out like beads on filaments of hydrogen gas.

Tucking ammonia borane in mesoporous silica results in high - quality hydrogen at lower temperatures

July 25, 2017 - Hydrogen at elevated temperature creates high electrical conductivity in the Earth's mantle.

Why it matters: At high pressures and low temperatures, like those found in permafrost or on the ocean's floor, water molecules organize into complex hydrate lattices that are held together by hydrogen bonds.

Deep blue areas at the high latitudes mark the lowest levels of neutrons, which scientists have interpreted to indicate the presence of high levels of hydrogen.

Deuterium (or heavy hydrogen) is a fragile isotope that can not survive the high temperatures achieved at the centers of stars.

She received her bachelor's degree in chemical engineering at the University of Colorado, Boulder and did her Ph.D. work at Colorado School of Mines focusing on in - depth experimental and modeling studies on high temperature pyrolysis of hydrocarbons and the effects of temperature and fuel structure on conversion, hydrogen production, reactivity, and deposit formation under solid oxide fuel cell operating conditions.

Through the process of fusion, which is constantly occurring in the sun and other stars, energy is created when the nuclei of two lightweight atoms, such as those of hydrogen, combine in plasma at very high temperatures.

The main hardware in the existing research infrastructure at IFE Hynor is found in a process room for testing and development of high temperature hydrogen production and solid oxide fuel cell technology (SOFC), including a Dual Bubbling Fluidized Bed reactor prototype (DBFB) for continuous hydrogen production by sorption - enhanced reforming (SER) of methane with an integrated process for CO2 - capture.

Basically, hydrogen molecules are fused with the oil molecules at high heat to create the solid form of oil, which lasts much longer on the shelf.

It is not an acid at a physiological pH (PKa ~ 3.5); at high intensities muscle acidity is due to intracellular hydrogen ion formation within the cell due to higher levels of ATP hydrolysis and NADH formation (a high ATP demand / O2 supply ratio).

The sounds from the air blower's turbine that spins at around 200,000 rpm, the unique frequency of fuel cell stacks, the purging sound from the hydrogen cooling system and the high - pitched in - wheel motor sound harmoniously combine to produce a distinct race car rumble, further thrilling the driver.

The Clarity Fuel Cell is competitively lease priced at $ 369 per month for 36 months with $ 2,868 due at signingi with California customers eligible for a $ 5,000 rebate.iiThe lease terms include an attractive mileage allowance of 20,000 miles per year, up to $ 15,000 of hydrogen fuel, up to 21 days of access to a luxury vehicle from Avis while in California, iii 24/7 roadside assistance, and eligibility for Californias Clean Air Vehicle Stickers, allowing single occupant HOV access.2 In addition, the Clarity Fuel Cell has the highest EPA driving range rating of any zero - emission light - duty vehicle in America, including fuel cell and battery electric vehicles, with a 366 - mile range rating and fuel economy rating of 68 combined MPGe (miles per gallon of gasoline - equivalent).

At least some of the experimental fuel cell - powered vehicles on the road contain a critical part that becomes brittle from exposure to the high - pressure hydrogen fuel, according to a recall notice last week.

In Germany between 900,000 and 1,000,000 metric tons of a fuel satisfactory for automobile - type engines is being produced by adding the gas hydrogen to these coal tars or to powdered coal in a stream of crude oil at elevated temperature and high pressure.