At the laboratory scale, a variety of reactor concepts for the solar thermochemical splitting of H2O and CO2 into H2 and CO have been proposed and investigated, such as cavity - receivers with rotating or stationary structures [9], [10], aerosol flow reactors [11], and moving and fluidized bed reactors [12].
If you have something that looks like it might work
at the laboratory scale, you first try to anticipate what might go wrong as it's scaled up.
This is the process, tested so far only
at laboratory scale, of growing pork, chicken, or beef through cell culture in vats instead of raising and slaughtering animals.
Not exact matches
Metallurgical optimisation is under way
at laboratories in Australia and Canada, with the work programme having been
scaled up following the receipt, in January, of... →
The addition of a pilot -
scale, nine - layer blown film line
at DuPont Packaging & Industrial Polymers» application development
laboratory in Wilmington expands its ability to help packaging customers bring innovation to market quickly and cost effectively.
Researchers who want to participate in large -
scale projects like CCG initiatives should look
at government and academic
laboratories.
Dr Sarri explains: «We thought that the best way to work out how gamma ray bursts are produced would be to mimic them in small -
scale reproductions in the
laboratory — reproducing a little source of these beams and look
at how they evolve when left on their own.
Researchers began this work
at the Perelman School of Medicine
at the University of Pennsylvania, which led to a large -
scale, multi-year study in connection with the Plikus
Laboratory for Developmental and Regenerative Biology
at the University of California, Irvine.
In fact, in the basement of Princeton's sprawling Frick Chemistry
Laboratory, Kasdin is already working on a test bed: a meter - wide, 75 - meter - long tube with a camera
at one end, a laser
at the other and a
scaled - down starshade in between.
He and researchers
at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
Laboratory (GFDL)-- which is operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and based on Princeton's Forrestal Campus — had an idea for solving this problem by using continental -
scale data.
And
at the NASA Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, researchers are demonstrating how to fabricate a larger -
scale starshade's delicate petals, fold the entire structure up inside a rocket, and deploy and unfurl it to the size of a baseball diamond.
It's also happening —
at a smaller
scale — in a Colorado State University
laboratory.
In April 2008, scientists
at NASA's Jet Propulsion
Laboratory announced that while the La Niña was weakening, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)-- a larger -
scale, slower - cycling ocean pattern — had shifted to its cool phase.
This technique was then implemented on a micron -
scale mechanical device in Schwab's low - temperature
laboratory at Caltech.
ADVANCES: Meteorologists can now detect precipitation changes
at a smaller
scale, making it much easier to forecast flash floods, says Jonathan Gourley, a research hydrologist
at the National Severe Storms
Laboratory in Norman, Okla..
Joseph Berry, senior research scientist
at the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, who studies solar cells but was not involved in the research, said the research project is interesting because the device
scales well and targets a specific part of the solar spectrum.
«We observed that the more a child had these waves throughout the night, the better the child was
at cognitive tasks, particularly the Wechsler Intelligence
Scale for Children,» explained Sophie Tessier, a doctoral student in the Sleep Research
Laboratory at the Hôpital Rivière - des - Prairies and first author of the paper.
Oak Ridge National
Laboratory is working on a small -
scale reactor, and Westinghouse has been working on an advanced Generation IV small reactor, the International Reactor Innovative and Secure, which is under review
at NRC.
There are always mass transfer and cost issues that overwhelm even pilot
scale projects and the costs becomes exceedingly high quickly,» added Julio Friedmann, a CCS expert
at U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory.
«This new high - resolution climate model is able to simulate regional -
scale precipitation with considerably improved accuracy compared to previous generation models,» said Tom Delworth, a research scientist
at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
Laboratory in Princeton, N.J., who helped develop the new model and is co-author of the paper.
Taking child's play with building blocks to a whole new level - the nanometer
scale - scientists
at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National
Laboratory have constructed 3D «superlattice» multicomponent nanoparticle arrays where the arrangement of particles is driven by the shape of the tiny building blocks.
Further, in areas of the ocean with persistent or frequent eddies, Qiu and co-authors from the Japan Meteorological Agency, Caltech and NASA Jet Propulsion
Laboratory determined that sea level can reliably be used to calculate circulation
at a fairly high resolution, that is,
at fairly small length
scales (resolution of 10 miles).
«It's very challenging to go from something that works on the bench to something that works on a large -
scale,» comments David E. Chavez, a chemist
at Los Alamos National
Laboratory who was not involved in the research.
Using large -
scale numerical modeling as well as GPS velocities from the largest GPS data - processing center in the world — the Nevada Geodetic
Laboratory at the University of Nevada, Reno — Kreemer and Gordon have showed that cooling of the lithosphere, the outermost layer of Earth, makes some sections of the Pacific plate contract horizontally
at faster rates than other sections.
«It combines knowledge from the field of microfluidics, which uses fluids
at a microscopic
scale to miniaturize biological experiments, with the cellular, biological and molecular studies we conduct in
laboratories.»
Every element in this portfolio has passed beyond the
laboratory bench and demonstration project; many are already implemented somewhere
at full industrial
scale.
Thanks to improved timekeeping, similar demonstrations can now take place
at more mundane
scales in the
laboratory.
«This is the first time we've combined U.S and Canadian fisheries data from the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf of Mexico coasts of North America
at this
scale,» said study co-author Michael Fogarty, a fisheries biologist
at the Woods Hole
Laboratory of NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC).
We need better performing transistors as we continue down -
scaling, and transistors based on silicon won't give us improvements anymore,» said Heinz Schmid, a researcher with IBM Research GmbH
at Zurich Research
Laboratory in Switzerland and the lead author on the paper.
The Wellcome Trust's Sanger Centre is expected to make the little striped swimmer the target of a new large -
scale sequencing project, Philip Ingham, a developmental geneticist
at the U.K.'s University of Sheffield, announced last week
at the Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory in New York.
«On the sun, these large
scale energy releases are driven by small
scale physical processes,» said Clarence Korendyke, principal investigator for VERIS
at the United States Naval Research
Laboratory in Washington, D.C. «So we need to look
at and understand the tiny details of those processes.»
To observe these atomic -
scale interactions happening many times per second, Bussmann's team is using the Cray XK7 Titan supercomputer located
at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF), a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility located
at DOE's Oak Ridge National
Laboratory (ORNL).
Using large -
scale numerical modeling as well as GPS velocities from the largest GPS data - processing center in the world - the Nevada Geodetic
Laboratory at the University of Nevada, Reno - Kreemer and Gordon have showed that cooling of the lithosphere, the outermost layer of Earth, makes some sections of the Pacific plate contract horizontally
at faster rates than other sections.
The work
at PNNL was supported by the Materials Synthesis and Simulations across
Scales (MS3) Initiative, a
Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program
at PNNL.
P.J.P. gratefully acknowledges support from both the US Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL) and the Materials Synthesis and Simulation Across
Scales (MS3) Initiative, a
Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program
at the PNNL.
Sponsors: This work was primarily supported by the Materials Synthesis and Simulation Across
Scales (MS3) Initiative through the
Laboratory Directed Research and Development fund
at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL).
The researchers» work connects tightly to the ongoing field - work project ERKCC72
at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, «Atomic - to Pore -
Scale Geochemical Processes,» led by Andrew G. Stack.
In collaboration with U.S. and UK universities, scientists
at the Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory are inventing the tools and techniques to generate in situ or in - place images
at the nanometer and near - nanometer
scales.
Abstract: Scientists
at the U.S. Naval Research
Laboratory (NRL) have devised a clever combination of materials — when used during the thin - film growth process — to reveal that particle atomic layer deposition, or p - ALD, deposits a uniform nanometer - thick shell on core particles regardless of core size, a discovery having significant impacts for many applications since most large
scale powder production techniques form powder batches that are made up of a range of particles sizes.
How Hektor became a Trojan asteroid, located
at only 5 times the Earth — Sun distance, is probably related to the large
scale reshuffling that occurred when the giant planets were still migrating,» said Julie Castillo - Rogez, researcher
at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.
Data analysis and interpretation were supported by the Materials Synthesis and Simulation Across
Scales (MS3) Initiative through
Laboratory Directed Research & Development funding
at PNNL.
«Our project will serve as a pilot for the full -
scale mapping of functional regulatory elements in the human genome,» said program director Kevin White, PhD, the James and Karen Frank Family Professor in the departments of Human Genetics and Ecology & Evolution, and Director of the Institute for Genomics & Systems Biology
at the University of Chicago and Argonne National
Laboratory.
Scientists
at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory and Heriot - Watt University in Scotland put the tetrahedral ammonium radical, made from a nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms, on the electronegativity
scale.
Joseph Catanzarite, an astronomer
at NASA's Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, told Space.com in 2011 that as many as 2 billion of them may be Earthlike in
scale.
«What we're interested in is the tools that allow us to understand the world
at a very small
scale,» said UCF professor Laurene Tetard, formerly of the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory.
The Orion experiment which is the first academic experiment on this facility, confirms that these accretion shocks, which could not be studied in
laboratory a few years ago
at exact
scale, can now be produced commonly in
laboratory.
That's why a team of researchers from the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and Joint Genome Institute (JGI) took one of the most popular clustering approaches in modern biology — the Markov Clustering (MCL) algorithm — and modified it to run quickly, efficiently and
at scale on distributed - memory supercomputers.
As a NIH - NIGMS project and in collaboration with Dr. Abhi Jain
at the NASA Jet Propulsion
Laboratory at Caltech, we are developing the ICMD methods called Generalized Newton - Euler Inverse Mass Operator (GNEIMO) to enable long time
scale and wider conformational search simulations.
Researchers
at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and UC Berkeley have created a sort of nanoscale display case that enables new atomic -
scale views of hard - to - study chemical and biological samples.
Sponsors: M.D.B. was supported by Materials Synthesis and Simulation Across
Scales (MS3) Initiative
at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, funded by the
Laboratory Directed Research and Development effort.