Sentences with phrase «at organism level»

My favorite is sperm competition theory, which basically states human mate competition is not performed at the organism level (human males fighting with other human males for a human female) but actually at the gamete level (sperm fighting with other sperm for an egg).

Develop a framework for integrating ocean acidification sensitivities at the organism level into ecosystem models.

These tools will help to better understand ongoing changes in chemical and biological state of the North Sea from alkalinity fluxes originating from the Wadden Sea over a synthesis model that integrates OA sensitivities at organism level into a North Sea ecosystem model (5.1) to an economical impact assessment.

«Our findings for this study provide important starting points for using small molecule imaging techniques to explore MAO - B further at the organism level, and in fact, opens up future prospects for non-invasive imaging - based diagnostic applications,» said Dr Li Lin, the first author of the paper and a post-doctoral fellow in Prof Yao's lab.

Not exact matches

The animal - welfare standards, along with the company's sustainable - seafood policy (it sells no fish at low levels of abundance), Responsibly Grown ratings, and decision to become the first national grocery chain to label whether products contain genetically modified organisms, all show a bit of Mackey's libertarian streak.

And so, for that matter, are «organisms» at lower levels of nature!

This may be more intensely true at the chemical level than for organisms within the ecological context which sustains them.

The Whiteheadian universe is not a block universe; there is free play at those joints in the universe where higher level organisms make choices as between or among alternatives.

Ivor Leclerc (3) has recently shown that although Whitehead has - done more than other atomists in explaining the kind of unity possessed by compounds and organisms, he still fails to do justice to the distinctive characteristics that emerge and function at these supraparticle levels.

Already Darwin had to rebut the objection to his theory that the coexistence at our time level of high and low, primitive and advanced organisms contradicts the doctrine of evolution.

''... All novelty and emergence is really due to the constitutive relationships at lower levels which enable and effect the emergence of novel systems and organisms at higher levels.

Aristotle described human being as a layered hierarchy of informed matter, the elements fusing together under the impress of a higher - level form to compose tissues, tissues serving as the proximate matter for a yet more complex organizing form at the level of organs, and organs bound into the active, dynamic organism by the yet higher form of soul.

A key point is evolution happens at the phenotype (form and function level of the organism) not the genotype.

Along with the importance of these relationships are several other key features: the nested hierarchies of organisation at hundreds - if not thousands - of different levels on this planet... the same laws of physics and chemistry function throughout the universe, and everything is related to everything else... as any system or organism is always a part of some larger system, organism or ecology, it in turn fulfils a certain function, or set of functions - which is often interpreted as having a certain «purpose» within that larger system.

Nature works at every level to produce more complex and highly organised systems and organisms from much simpler components: this is the theory proposed and investigated by this collection of essays.

Intrinsically new coherences arise from chaotic antecedents at many levels in the course of the development of every biological organism, and ecological community.

In physical terms one may say that an organism must be a system that is endlessly engaged in producing, regenerating, or increasing inhomogeneity, and thereby the phenomenon of individuality, at all levels of its functioning.

Birch and Cobb maintain that the ecological model is more adequate than the mechanical model for explaining DNA, the cell, other biological subject matter (as well as subatomic physics), because it holds that living things behave as they do only in interaction with other things which constitute their environment (LL 83) and because «the constituent elements of the structure at each level (of an organism) operate in patterns of interconnectedness which are not mechanical» (LL 83).

In the organic responses of the adverbial level, selective processes operate according to what is relevant to the fulfilment of the organism as a whole.12 At the same time, although some selectivity may occur, adverbial responses tend to take the character of «total assertions» of the whole organism about the whole object it confronts.13 At the accusative level, or level of conscious symbolization, whole masses of irrelevant detail are excluded according to some principle of relevance operating in consciousness at the timAt the same time, although some selectivity may occur, adverbial responses tend to take the character of «total assertions» of the whole organism about the whole object it confronts.13 At the accusative level, or level of conscious symbolization, whole masses of irrelevant detail are excluded according to some principle of relevance operating in consciousness at the timAt the accusative level, or level of conscious symbolization, whole masses of irrelevant detail are excluded according to some principle of relevance operating in consciousness at the timat the time.

The adverbial mode of perception must be understood as a response, a response that has some identity or correspondence with the patterned processes playing upon the organism but that, at the same time, is not unambiguously reproductive of these energetic activities.5 Even though some originative activity may occur at this primitive level of physiological responsiveness, it is holistic in nature.

Feelings don't have to be conscious, Consciousness enters only at the highest levels of organization of the living organism.

The cosmic tide may at one time have seemed to be immobilized, lost in the vast reservoir of living forms; but through the ages the level of consciousness was steadily rising behind the barrier, until finally, by means of the human brain (the most «centro - complex» organism yet achieved to our knowledge in the universe) there has occurred, at a first ending of time, the breaking of the dykes, followed by what is now in progress, the flooding of Thought over the entire surface of the biosphere.

Then come complex multicellular organisms, societies of animals with new emergent properties at the ecosystem level, and, finally conscious beings who create culture, use symbolic language — and experience the first intimations of transcendence.

Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as DNA and proteins.

This generalized notion of organism does not preclude real differences of functioning at different levels.

They likewise have a reference to other eternal objects, because relatedness is a condition of organism even at the level of abstraction.

At the cellular level, cells are subjects and the multicellular organism to which they belong is also a subject.

Evolution occurs at the microscopic level by changes in genes as a result of the survival of the most adapted organisms for the environment in which they live.

say, the atomic level do not begin to predict the properties of matter at the cellular level, let alone at the level of complex organisms.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are altered at the molecular level, in a laboratory, in ways that do not naturally occur.

«If you look up the Environmental Protection Agency's risk level of copper to fish and other aquatic organisms, you are at that point of toxicity,» said Utah State researcher Anne J. Anderson.

«We are trying to understand the causes of aging by linking the mechanisms that control the oxidation of proteins at the cellular level with the mechanisms that determine the lifespan of the whole organism,» Apfeld says.

However, it is still largely unknown just how the cooperation between organism and bacteria works at the molecular level and how the microbiome and body exactly act as a functional unit.

The report, which drew heavily on two Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) workshops held in 1995, also recommends more research on such topics as DNA biomarkers that can gauge an organism's exposure to endocrine disruptors; models for predicting how endocrine disruptors are metabolized; mechanisms of how endocrine disruptors act at a cellular level; and the effects of mixtures.

The new study is the first demonstration of an approach combining ancestral sequence reconstruction with the making of transgenic organisms to directly test hypotheses at multiple biological levels, Siddiq said.

Wyrick and WSU colleagues Peng Mao, Michael Smerdon and Steven Roberts irradiated yeast cells and looked for patterns of damage at the level of individual base pairs, the DNA building blocks whose order serves as an organism's blueprint.

«Tuck can talk about everything from the arcana of molecular genetics of aging to aging at the level of the whole organism, including ecological and evolutionary and demographic components.»

«Originally, BDO was toxic to E. coli at fairly low levels but we evolved the organism such that it now tolerates the concentration we need it to grow at,» Schilling says.

Essentially an AOP tells a toxicological story in terms of a logical sequence of causally - linked «key events» that occur at different levels of biological organisation, from perturbations at the molecular scale up to effects occurring in a whole organism or a population.

Throughout billions of years of existence on Earth, these tiny units of life have evolved to collaborate at the smallest levels in promoting, preserving and protecting the organism they comprise.

At the conference, biologists who work mostly in the field observing the behaviors of bees, ants, wolves, slime molds and other creatures tended to look for the mechanics of natural selection at the behavioral level by examining how individual organisms self - organize into hives, nests, packs, conglomerates or familieAt the conference, biologists who work mostly in the field observing the behaviors of bees, ants, wolves, slime molds and other creatures tended to look for the mechanics of natural selection at the behavioral level by examining how individual organisms self - organize into hives, nests, packs, conglomerates or familieat the behavioral level by examining how individual organisms self - organize into hives, nests, packs, conglomerates or families.

The researchers analysed neurogenesis at the molecular level in the model organism Nematostella vectensis.

At extreme levels of threat, the PAG may in turn inhibit more complex control processes when a fast and indeed obligatory response is required, preparing the organism for survival and possible tissue damage (3, 16 — 18, 21).

Evolution by natural selection has often been understood to work at the level of the organism: the traits of an individual determine whether it will survive and reproduce.

When this happens, at the molecular level, a protein called FoxO acts as an insulin sensor, leaves the nucleus of the gland cells and activates a cascade of events that culminate in the growth of the organism.

At a basic level, the transferable data of a human would be represented by the DNA pairs that make up genomes (which contain the entirety of an organism's hereditary information) in each cell.

In evolutionary convergence, two genetically unrelated organisms evolve similar traits, and biologists at Heidelberg University have now uncovered an example of convergence at the subcellular level in unicellular organisms and cnidarians.

«The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently classified these carbapenem - resistant organisms in their highest, most urgent antimicrobial resistance threat level,» said James Kirby, MD, Director of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at BIDMC and an Associate Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School.

«Almost all of the fruit salads we analyzed contained levels of the tracer organism, which we were representing as being salmonella,» said Randy Phebus, professor of food safety at Kansas State University and one of the authors of the study «Consumer Food Handling Practices Lead to Cross-Contamination,» recently published in the journal Food Protection Trends.

However, there will still be detectable levels in organisms such as brown seaweed, which can store iodine at 10,000 times the concentration in the water.