As we aimed for a comprehensive meta - analysis, we included (a) two types of interventions: preventive interventions targeting the general population or families
at risk for child maltreatment and curative interventions targeting maltreating families that are aimed at reducing maltreatment, (b) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as well as high quality quasi-experimental studies, and (c) recently conducted studies, as previous meta - analyses included studies that were published until 2013.
In specific, we included two types of interventions: preventive interventions targeting the general population or targeting families
at risk for child maltreatment and curative interventions targeting maltreating families aimed at reducing maltreatment or recurrence of maltreatment.
Gershater - Molko, R.M., Lutzker, J.R., Wesch, D. (2003) Project SafeCare: Improving health, safety, and parenting skills in families reported for, and
at risk for child maltreatment.
The study evaluated the effectiveness of the Healthy Families New York [now called Healthy Families America] home visiting program in promoting parenting confidence and preventing maladaptive parenting behaviors in mothers
at risk for child maltreatment.
Summary: (To include comparison groups, outcomes, measures, notable limitations) The study evaluated the effectiveness of the Healthy Families Arizona [now called Healthy Families America] home visitation program for families
at risk for child maltreatment.
The study evaluated the effectiveness of the Healthy Families New York home visiting program in promoting parenting confidence and preventing maladaptive parenting behaviors in mothers
at risk for child maltreatment.
Eligible clients include families with a history of child maltreatment or families
at risk for child maltreatment.
Several have included families involved with child maltreatment or at high risk of maltreatment, but hardly any have included families who were the subject of child abuse and neglect reports.41 The Incredible Years (IY) is considered to be one of the most effective interventions for reducing child conduct problems.42 Jamila Reid, Carolyn Webster - Stratton, and Nazli Baydar examined IY, randomly assigning children to the IY program or to a control group that received usual Head Start services.43 Children with significant conduct problems and children of mothers whose parenting was highly critical — arguably those dyads most
at risk for child maltreatment — benefited most from IY.
screenings and assessments to determine families
at risk for child maltreatment or other adverse childhood experiences;
The father in the adolescent pregnancy
at risk for child maltreatment: helpmate or hindrance?
Not exact matches
The initiative is targeted
at improving
child and family outcomes, including decreasing rates of
child maltreatment and improving parenting practices that may decrease
risk for maltreatment.
Level 5 interventions offer further support
for parents with specific
risk factors (e.g., families
at high
risk for child maltreatment, families going through a divorce or separation, or families with overweight or obese
children) or
for parents with continuing needs following a Level 4 intervention.
After controlling
for these established
risk factors (Table 2, panel 1, multivariate analysis),
children who were maltreated (definite
maltreatment: RR, 1.69; 95 % CI, 1.13 - 2.55) and
children who were socially isolated (very high social isolation: 1.76; 1.12 - 2.77) were both
at greater
risk of becoming depressed in adulthood.
Families become eligible
for services after being determined to be
at an elevated
risk for adverse outcomes including
child maltreatment.
Objective:
Maltreatment, family violence, and disruption in primary caregiver attachment in childhood may constitute a developmental form of trauma that places
children at risk for multiple psychiatric and medical diagnoses that often are refractory to well - established evidence - based mental health treatments.
Primary Care Interventions to Prevent
Child Maltreatment: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Moyer (2013) Annals of Internal Medicine, 159 (4) Analyzes a systematic review of interventions to prevent child maltreatment for children at risk, focusing on new studies and evidence gaps that were unresolved at the time of the 2004 recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services Task F
Child Maltreatment: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Moyer (2013) Annals of Internal Medicine, 159 (4) Analyzes a systematic review of interventions to prevent child maltreatment for children at risk, focusing on new studies and evidence gaps that were unresolved at the time of the 2004 recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services
Maltreatment: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Moyer (2013) Annals of Internal Medicine, 159 (4) Analyzes a systematic review of interventions to prevent
child maltreatment for children at risk, focusing on new studies and evidence gaps that were unresolved at the time of the 2004 recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services Task F
child maltreatment for children at risk, focusing on new studies and evidence gaps that were unresolved at the time of the 2004 recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services
maltreatment for children at risk, focusing on new studies and evidence gaps that were unresolved
at the time of the 2004 recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
The program of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses, tested with a primarily white sample, produced a 48 percent treatment - control difference in the overall rates of substantiated rates of
child abuse and neglect (irrespective of
risk) and an 80 percent difference
for families in which the mothers were low - income and unmarried
at registration.21 Corresponding rates of
child maltreatment were too low to serve as a viable outcome in a subsequent trial of the program in a large sample of urban African - Americans, 20 but program effects on
children's health - care encounters
for serious injuries and ingestions
at child age 2 and reductions in childhood mortality from preventable causes
at child age 9 were consistent with the prevention of abuse and neglect.20, 22
Multiple randomised controlled trials undertaken Maintenance of improvements Generalisation of outcomes
for children with disabilities;
children at risk of
maltreatment; families of an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander background.
Pathways Triple P An adjunctive intervention strategy
for parents
at risk of
child maltreatment used in combination with other Triple P interventions.
Pathways Triple P A 4 - 5 session intervention strategy
for parents
at risk of
child maltreatment, used in combination with either Triple P interventions.
Research suggests that
children in households with domestic violence may be
at an increased
risk for child maltreatment.13 - 16 Although some
child maltreatment may be caused directly by the male perpetrators of domestic violence, other incidents may result from the effects of domestic violence on the mothers» caregiving capacities (eg, through injury, mental distress, and restricted mobility).
Realizing the Promise of Home Visitation: Addressing Domestic Violence and
Child Maltreatment: A Guide
for Policy Makers Family Violence Prevention Fund (2010) Presents recommendations
for building a strong national policy framework to maximize the effectiveness and reach of early childhood home visiting programs and to ensure that Federal home visiting policies directly address the needs of mothers and
children who are experiencing or
at risk of experiencing domestic violence.
Effectiveness of Home Visiting in Improving
Child Health and Reducing
Child Maltreatment Avellar & Supplee (2013) Pediatrics, 132 (2) Reviews the home - visiting research literature and provides an assessment of the evidence of effectiveness
for program models that serve families with
at -
risk pregnant women and
children from birth to age 5.
In 2003, the
Children's Bureau released a request for proposals (RFP) to build home - and community - based systems of care to improve outcomes for children, youth, and families at risk of child maltreatment, children and youth who have been identified as victims of maltreatment but have not been removed from their home, or children and youth in State custody (foste
Children's Bureau released a request
for proposals (RFP) to build home - and community - based systems of care to improve outcomes
for children, youth, and families at risk of child maltreatment, children and youth who have been identified as victims of maltreatment but have not been removed from their home, or children and youth in State custody (foste
children, youth, and families
at risk of
child maltreatment,
children and youth who have been identified as victims of maltreatment but have not been removed from their home, or children and youth in State custody (foste
children and youth who have been identified as victims of
maltreatment but have not been removed from their home, or
children and youth in State custody (foste
children and youth in State custody (foster care).
For example, a child who experiences maltreatment may develop primary emotional responses such as anxiety or fear.5 Ever vigilant for signs of threat, the child may display aggressive or submissive behaviours as a means of self - protection, and such behaviours may place the child at risk for future status as a bully or vict
For example, a
child who experiences
maltreatment may develop primary emotional responses such as anxiety or fear.5 Ever vigilant
for signs of threat, the child may display aggressive or submissive behaviours as a means of self - protection, and such behaviours may place the child at risk for future status as a bully or vict
for signs of threat, the
child may display aggressive or submissive behaviours as a means of self - protection, and such behaviours may place the
child at risk for future status as a bully or vict
for future status as a bully or victim.
A Comprehensive Framework
for Nurturing the Well - Being of
Children and Adolescents (PDF - 676 KB) In Integrating Safety, Permanency and Well - Being Biglan (2014) Presents a framework to ensure successful youth development and well - being for children who have been maltreated, or are at risk of being maltreated, indicating that comprehensive family support from prenatal / birth through adolescence is necessary to aid children in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future maltr
Children and Adolescents (PDF - 676 KB) In Integrating Safety, Permanency and Well - Being Biglan (2014) Presents a framework to ensure successful youth development and well - being
for children who have been maltreated, or are at risk of being maltreated, indicating that comprehensive family support from prenatal / birth through adolescence is necessary to aid children in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future maltr
children who have been maltreated, or are
at risk of being maltreated, indicating that comprehensive family support from prenatal / birth through adolescence is necessary to aid
children in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future maltr
children in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future
maltreatment.
Project SafeCare: Improving Health, safety and parenting skills in families reported
for and
at -
risk for child maltreatment.
Target Population: Overburdened families who are
at -
risk for child abuse and neglect and other adverse childhood experiences; families are determined eligible
for services once they are screened and / or assessed
for the presence of factors that could contribute to increased
risk for child maltreatment or other poor childhood outcomes, (e.g., social isolation, substance abuse, mental illness, parental history of abuse in childhood, etc.); home visiting services must be initiated either prenatally or within three months after the birth of the baby
Child FIRST (Child and Family Interagency Resource, Support, and Training) is a home visitation program for low - income families with children ages 6 - 36 months at high risk of emotional, behavioral, or developmental problems, or child maltreatment, based on child screening and / or family characteristics such as maternal depression.1 Families are visited in their homes by a trained clinical team consisting of (i) a master's level developmental / mental health clinician, and (ii) a bachelor's level care coordin
Child FIRST (
Child and Family Interagency Resource, Support, and Training) is a home visitation program for low - income families with children ages 6 - 36 months at high risk of emotional, behavioral, or developmental problems, or child maltreatment, based on child screening and / or family characteristics such as maternal depression.1 Families are visited in their homes by a trained clinical team consisting of (i) a master's level developmental / mental health clinician, and (ii) a bachelor's level care coordin
Child and Family Interagency Resource, Support, and Training) is a home visitation program
for low - income families with
children ages 6 - 36 months
at high
risk of emotional, behavioral, or developmental problems, or
child maltreatment, based on child screening and / or family characteristics such as maternal depression.1 Families are visited in their homes by a trained clinical team consisting of (i) a master's level developmental / mental health clinician, and (ii) a bachelor's level care coordin
child maltreatment, based on
child screening and / or family characteristics such as maternal depression.1 Families are visited in their homes by a trained clinical team consisting of (i) a master's level developmental / mental health clinician, and (ii) a bachelor's level care coordin
child screening and / or family characteristics such as maternal depression.1 Families are visited in their homes by a trained clinical team consisting of (i) a master's level developmental / mental health clinician, and (ii) a bachelor's level care coordinator.
Home visiting programs work with families whose
children are
at -
risk for adverse childhood experiences, including
maltreatment.
The goal of this project is to implement SafeCare with a population
at high
risk for child maltreatment, and to develop and test important adaptations of SafeCare.
Victims of
child maltreatment are
at risk for other types of violence later in life, including youth violence, suicide, and intimate partner violence.
SafeCare will be implemented with a group of Latino parents
at high
risk for child maltreatment.
Effects of an evidence - based parenting program on biobehavioral stress among
at -
risk mothers
for child maltreatment: A pilot study.
The glaring rate of history of
child sexual abuse, including the onset of
maltreatment, highlights those most
at risk for sex trafficking.
Our research confirms that infants who receive a diagnosis of NWS are
at greater
risk for having a substantiated
child maltreatment allegation and
for entering foster care.
Research has demonstrated that
children who experience familial sexual
maltreatment are
at risk for developing psychological difficulties characterized by emotional and behavioral dysregulation.
Euser et al. (2015) did find a significantly higher effect
for interventions aimed
at reducing
child maltreatment in maltreating families than
for interventions aimed
at preventing
child maltreatment in
at -
risk families / the general population.
There is evidence that maltreated
children are
at greater
risk for lifelong health and social problems, including mental illnesses, criminality, chronic diseases, disability1 and poorer quality of life.2 A history of
child maltreatment is also associated with lower adult levels of economic well - being across a wide range of metrics, including higher levels of economic inactivity, lower occupational status, lower earnings and lower expected earnings.3 Existing research suggests a ripple effect caused by lower educational achievement, higher levels of truancy and expulsion reducing peak earning capacity by US$ 5000 a year4 or an average lifetime cost of US$ 210012 per person1 when considering productivity losses and costs from healthcare,
child welfare, criminal justice and special education.
Highly trained home visitors provide education and support to overburdened families
at risk for adverse childhood experiences, including
child maltreatment.
We focused on families followed across early childhood, because infants and toddlers are
at the greatest
risk of exposure to neglect (the most prevalent type of
child maltreatment), and this period spanning the transition to parenthood presents heightened
risk for IPV.
Her main research interest is the role of early parenting in the aetiology of mental health problems, and in particular the evaluation
for early interventions aimed
at improving parenting practices and reducing the
risk of
child maltreatment, particularly during pregnancy and the postnatal period.
Infants are
at the greatest
risk for child maltreatment because they are completely dependent on their caregivers and more physically vulnerable.