Shell Wind Division recently spent $ 1.5 million dollars apiece for complete wind turbine assemblies that produce one MW during operation
at a capacity factor of 27 % for the 8,766 hours each year over its 20 - year life, producing 47 million kWhrs, more or less.
As an example, the 1,532 MW of emissions - free Bruce Nuclear refurbished generation,
at a capacity factor of 90 % supplying 12.08 TWh, easily covered the loss of 4.1 TWh of coal - fired generation and left 8.7 TWh for added demand due to its flexibility to steam off or bypass the turbines.
Gas plants are quite capable of operating
at a capacity factor of 40 % to 60 % (combined or single cycle).
Let's look at the gas plant addition of 602 MW: In 2011 the 9,549 MW of gas generation produced 22 TWh, operating
at a capacity factor of 26.3 %.
Fast forward to 2015: the 10,151 MW generated 15.5 TWh operating
at a capacity factor of 17.5 %.
Despite the location of many turbines on the windy North Sea, German wind turbines operated
at a capacity factor (actual output vs. rated output) of only 17 percent in 2012.
Not exact matches
Estimating the CABB requires breaking down the budget balance into two components: the «structural balance» we would observe if the economy was operating
at capacity and the cyclical
factor.
The first 24 - 48 hours involve learning to latch & suck well
at the breast - a time to practice when baby doesn't require a lot of volume, and in fact isn't ready to digest large volumes based on stomach
capacity and other
factors.
The first 24 - 48 hours involve learning to latch & suck well
at the breast - a time to practice when baby doesn't require a lot of volume, & in fact isn't ready to digest large volumes based on stomach
capacity & other
factors.
You should look
at odor control, the overall size and
capacity, ease of use, any special bags or inserts needed, durability and cost
factor.
The methodology used in the preparation of each set of results took as its starting point the gross national income (GNI) of the States Members of the United Nations during the corresponding base periods as a first approximation of the
capacity to pay, and applied conversion
factors, relief measures and limits to the scale in order to arrive
at the final scale.
While it could indeed be «a potentially epoch - making moment it could be for Gaddafi to stand trial
at the International Criminal Court,» Bali and Abu Rish argue that: «The prospect of retirement in a prison cell in the Hague may
factor into al - Qaddafi's incentives to make good on his threats to fight to the last of his
capacities, visiting untold atrocities on Libyan civilians in the process.
An ornithologist
at the University of Rhode Island who studies the physiological changes that birds undergo to migrate has found that the
capacity of a bird's gut to change with environmental conditions is a primary limiting
factor in their ability to adapt to the rapidly changing climate.
Nowadays, they are operated
at the design parameters and with a
capacity factor achieving 0.7.
In this project, the Education
factor is present in the majority of the strands of work: approach of incorporating comprehensive sex education in the formal education system and in youth organizations; implementation of the Comprehensive Strategy of Sex Education of the Department of Education in the classrooms
at the two education centres; strengthening of the institutional
capacity of the health and education sectors, through the provision of health personnel, methodological tools and focusing on gender, human rights and multiculturalism; cross-sector coordination (Health - Education Departments), and with civil society to develop alliances which promote the exercising of the Sexual and Reproductive rights of the adolescents and young people of zones 3 and 7 of Guatemala City.
One of the protective
factors highlighted in resilience theory is that if a young person has
at least one caring adult who knows them, has high expectations for them, communicates a sense of belonging, recognizes their strengths, and gives them opportunities to be themselves, express themselves and their strengths, this builds resilience and the
capacity to face challenges with self - awareness and confidence.
Airlines that operate
at least one aircraft with the
capacity to carry combined passengers, cargo and fuel of 18,000 pounds — the payload
factor — must report monthly employment statistics.
Essentially an underbored version of the 2927cc unit used by the 308 and Mondial, the
capacity of the GTO's engine was arrived
at because, once multiplied by the FIA's 1.4 «equivalency
factor» for turbocharged cars, it would see the new Ferrari squeeze neatly under the 4 - litre engine - size limit.
Due to those
factors, the
capacity of the exported 2JZ - GTE engine was increased to 330 horsepower
at 5600 rpm.
Most novelists do not have the
capacity nor inclination to do something like this so I feel that this number — 23 % of authors NOT being sure if they could attribute sales to Facebook ads — is understated by a
factor of
at least two or three.
When its weight is
factored in, coming in
at under 15 ounces, the Kindle Fire shows a remarkable
capacity for portability.
Market
capacity of tablets of iPad form
factor is between 5 and 7 mln units in 2010, and it might be very well filled to the brim by iPads
at Christmas time, so any other tablet manufacturer planning to release its half - baked, buggy tablet
at that late date might better shove its plans for US market.
The lease, if it has fewer than 10 payments left on it
at the time of your application, would not be
factored into your debt to income ratio (this would increase your purchasing
capacity by decreasing your debt to income ratio).
«Some of these key
factors include the unwavering commitment of the Abu Dhabi government to a well - thought - out plan, a strong and vibrant economy as well as the substantial strides made in the development of the tourism infrastructure including expansion of airport
capacity, exhibition and meetings space, the completion of iconic hotel developments and an overall increase in hotel / hotel apartment room
capacity which went from 12,800 rooms
at the beginning of the year to 17,500
at the year - end.
While it's easy to look
at simple numbers, magazine
capacity and zoom distance, other
factors can change what you need to make the most of your playstyle, your plans.
And yes central power will be another piece (nuclear is great for baseload power... it operates
at 90 %
capacity factors even if the price of building a new plant has risen by 130 % since 2000) Centralized wind and solar will mature but then there's the transmission issue...
International markets remain outstanding in the Pacific Rim, with China and India coal import demand continuing
at record rates and developed economies running
at higher
capacity factors as they recover from the global financial crisis.
The NREL research, according to Dr. Helman, breaks those values into four categories: 1) The energy shifting value is ~ 0.5 cents to 1.0 cents per kilowatt - hour; 2) The increased
capacity factor value is ~ 0.7 cents to 2.0 cents per kilowatt - hour; 3) if PV is 6 cents per kilowatt - hour, the value of reduction in curtailment is estimated
at ~ 0.3 cents per kilowatt - hour; and 4) the reserve and integration value is 0.1 cents to 0.7 cents per kilowatt - hour.
Yankee Rowe, a Gen I technology, 185 MW
capacity, operated for 31 years (1961 - 1992) and produced 44 TWh of electricity
at an average
capacity factor 88 %.
The
capacity factor is the power actually generated as a percentage of what would be generated if the system operated
at full label
capacity 24 hours a day and 365 days a year.
Not because I have infinite
capacities for work, but because,
at a certain scale, it's not time that's limiting me, but other
factors.
But because nuclear plants operate
at a 90 % and higher
capacity factor while offshore wind
at 40 %, the electricity generated from the new wind will be less than Pilgrim's.
The proponents say that they expect the project to generate 33 TWh of electricity each year which works out
at what seems to me to be a very optimistic but perhaps not impossible 42 %
capacity factor.
If a reader has the $ / kW (stated), discount rate (assume 8 %),
capacity factor (missing) and projected years of operation (stated) one can use my worksheet «A Financial Worksheet for Computing the Cost (US cents / kWh) of Solar Electricity Generated
at Grid Connected Photovoltaic (PV) Generating Plants» that was published in the Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, August, 2002, Vol.
Capacity factor is an annual number and unless you can provide documentation for 35 to 50 % values I am very skeptical that anyone
at ERCOT would claim values that high.
The net
capacity factor of a power plant is the ratio of its actual output over a period of time, to its potential output if it were possible for it to operate
at full nameplate
capacity indefinitely.
I think their numbers are higher because wind turbines these days tend to be built
at 100m instead of 80m and the nrel chart shows over 175,000 MW of wind potential
at at least 30 %
capacity factor at 100m in the second chart
at.
The chart
at the top of the section shows security - related curtailment for solar kicking in right around its
capacity factor (18 percent) and economic curtailment kicking in well before that.
Jenkins and Trembath propose a «rule of thumb»: «It is increasingly difficult for the market share of variable renewable energy sources
at the system - wide level to exceed the
capacity factor of the energy source.»
Under these policies, lots of wind turbines were built, but were run
at very low
capacity factor.
As a real world example, the
capacity factors at the Queanbeyan Solar Farm (an industrial installation run by Country Energy, one of Australia's largest electricity distribution companies) average 13 % all year round, 9 % for 3 months of winter, and down to less than 1 % on some days: http://bravenewclimate.com/2009/08/16/solar-power-realities-supply-demand-storage-and-costs/
It also looks
at the complex
factors shaping the region: the occupation of Palestinian and other Arab lands; ongoing conflicts; governance, human rights and institutional deficits; and shortcomings in terms of financing, science and technology, trade and statistical
capacity.
A 310 MW gas power plant running
at 60 %
capacity factor would be roughly equal to 400 MW of solar plus 150 MW of wind with 25 % and 40 %
capacity factors, respectively.
The Texas A&M Energy Institute's Wind Energy Center will lead the Texas Offshore Wind Farm Innovation team as part of the Gulf Offshore Wind (GoWind) Project, which will be the most innovative wind farm built to date and will generate power
at peak demand and a high
capacity factor.
At least some of the variation in the costs per installed Watt would be due to the time of construction; a significant
factor in the cost per generated Watt is the
capacity factor achieved by the farm.
We will take a look
at the
factors are taken into account when assessing what size solar array or battery
capacity is best for an application.
In contrast, coke - fired generators tend to run
at higher
capacity factors and may burn a mix of petroleum coke and coal.
This would suggest that the oceans»
capacity to absorb CO2 is greater than the Revelle effect suggests and that, perhaps, the rate of ocean acidification is much less than that currently postulated, bearing in mind other
factors are
at play.
We employ the Variable Infiltration
Capacity (VIC) process - based hydrological model driven by gridded observations to investigate the key controlling
factors of anomalous APF events in the FRB and four of its subbasins that contribute more than 70 % of the annual flow
at Fraser - Hope.
We'd need around 2,000 GW of nuclear
capacity (
at average 90 %
capacity factor) to avoid 13 Gt of the 15 Gt of CO2 emissions from coal fired electricity generation in 2055.