Sentences with phrase «at the land surface»

Geysers and deep - sea vents are hydrothermal phenomena in which water, heated and pressurized by molten rock, is released through vents at the land surface or into the oceans.

The taller and denser vegetation uses up more carbon from the atmosphere, changes the amount and composition of forage for grazing animals, and also alters the partitioning and distribution of energy and heat at the land surface.

Latent heat flux at the land surface varies with soil moisture — drought condition result in an apparent increase in surface temperature — such as over this century and in 2016.

In the short - term, a key issue that needs resolving is the mismatch between global methane budgets from top - down (derived from atmospheric measurements) and bottom - up (derived from measurements of methane emissions at the land surface from different methane producing environments) approaches.

«The novelty of our model is it does account for some interdisciplinary transfers of water, such as feedbacks between groundwater storage and, for example, vegetation at the land surface.

For many regions, the rapid expansion of irrigation during the twentieth century has significantly altered the hydrologic cycle and energy budget at the land surface.

Not exact matches

On one visit, inspectors saw «at least 25 flying insects» in the egg processing facility landing on food, food production equipment and contact surfaces, according to the report.

The missile flew about 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) and landed in the sea east of Japan, but it crested at a remarkable 4,500 kilometers (2,800 miles) above the Earth's surface, making it the highest and longest - lasting flight North Korea has completed to date.

To be fair, at least he did it over the bed so she'd have a soft surface to land on.

Today, Land cruisers can be driven down the mine and back to surface instead of using the cage that used to carry miners to work underground — Now Northerners are NO MORE NEEDED AT ALL because they are not Proper Akans — no matter their academic qualifications.

And no spacecraft at all have landed on the Venusian surface since 1985.

«We can't just drill deep and expect to run away from contaminants on the land surface,» says Scott Jasechko, a study coauthor and water resources scientist at the University of Calgary in Canada.

Catching prey underwater and then shredding it at the surface was probably a smaller behavioral leap from full - on land feeding than other aquatic hunting strategies.

The meteorites, which blasted from the surface of other worlds before landing on Earth, are kept in cabinets pumped full of nitrogen at above - atmospheric pressures to help prevent material from entering the sealed environments.

Fixed - wing (airplane - style) drones like the Predator can carry much more weight for their size than rotary - wing (helicopter - style) drones, but can't hover to get a good close - up look at objects of interest, nor could they easily hand off a taco, and they need a runwaylike surface to land.

The researchers looked at annual maximum land surface temperatures averaged across 8 - day periods throughout the year for every 1 - square kilometer (247 acres) pixel on Earth.

«To take the next really big leaps in lunar science is going to take landing on the ground and getting at it with instruments in a way very similar to what we've done for Mars,» says Barbara Cohen, a planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who has developed methods for dating planetary samples on the surface of other worlds1.

They examined light adaptation mechanisms of visible - and IR - radiation - using phototrophs required for adapting to land habitats and found out that IR - using phototrophs struggle to adapt to changing light condition at the boundary of water and land surface.

When Philae lands, its first task will be snapping a 360 - degree panorama of the surface, along with measurements of the gas pressure and dust distribution at the landing site.

The crew would take advantage of the planets» fortuitously close orbits at that time to take a 501 - day journey around Mars and back home, without landing on the Red Planet's surface.

If phototrophs keep their photosynthetic apparatus for landing, the red - edge position of the land surface on M - dwarf planets show just like as on the Earth, at the initial stage of land vegetation.

To estimate the temperature at various depths (from 3,500 m to 9,500 m depth) the researchers have used the heat flow and temperatures at 1,000 m and 2,000 m provided in the Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Europe, as well as thermal data of the land surface available from NASA.

Because the uranium at this mine is on the surface of the land, people and animals are more likely to come in contact with it, he added.

Land and Ocean Combined: The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6 Land and Ocean Combined: The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6 land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6 °C).

Dominique Adriaens at Ghent University, Belgium, agrees the fracture probably occurred on land, but says the height of the fall would depend on unknowable factors including the surface the animal hit.

John C. Priscu, a professor of land resources and environmental sciences at Montana State University who discovered microorganisms thriving in permanently frozen surface lakes in Antarctica at temperatures as low as — 10 degrees Fahrenheit, wants to study microbes in Lake Vostok to learn if they are viable or unique, or both.

60 % of the land surface which is expected to be urban by 2030 is currently not built on at all.

In 1958, a Russian airplane navigator named Robinson was making his landing approach at the newly opened Vostok research station when he noticed a large, flat, oval depression «with gentle shores» on the glacier surface.

Liming Zhou of the University at Albany, State University of New York and colleagues used land - surface temperature data gathered by NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites to examine the effect.

«It's a guess how much of the planet's surface was land, but it could be as high as two - thirds of the area of today's continents,» says Johnson, who leads the NASA Astrobiology Institute at the University of Wisconsin.

I'm back at ESA's operation center for a second day, following Philae's harrowing, but ultimately successful landing on the surface of comet 67P / Churyumov - Gerasimenko.

Mount Sidley, at the leading edge of the Executive Committee Range in Marie Byrd Land, is the last volcano in the chain that rises above the surface of the ice.

Liming Zhou of the University at Albany, State University of New York, and colleagues studied land - surface temperature data gathered by NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites, which give measurements with a spatial resolution of roughly 1 square kilometre.

GA maps the land masses below the ocean's surface through basic geological work and seismic and bathymetric analysis (measuring water depth at various places in a body of water) to better define and legally extend Australia's continental shelf for a submission to the United Nations under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.

They estimated that land - use changes in the continental United States since the 1960s have resulted in a rise in the mean surface temperature of 0.25 degree Fahrenheit, a figure Kalnay says «is at least twice as high as previous estimates based on urbanization alone.»

Zehner says that the agency plans to build and launch at least five «sentinel» satellites to monitor not only trace gases that indicate pollution in the atmosphere, but also the surface temperature of the oceans, the movement of ice and the shifting of land masses.

Wetlands, generally speaking, are any land where the water table is at or near the surface and the level of water saturation determines the flora and fauna that live there, as well as the substrate, or soil.

And because an insect's exoskeleton has a waxy surface that acts as an electrical insulator, that charge isn't easily dissipated, even when the insect lands on objects, says Randolf Menzel, a neurobiologist at the Free University of Berlin in Germany.

It showed that stable malaria covered 58 percent of the world's land surface at the beginning of the 20th century, and later decreased to 30 percent by 2007.

Despite being of great scientific interest, it may prove too difficult to land on, as gravity may not be acting at a right angle to the surface.

These findings remind us once again that the deep sea is directly affected by events at the ocean's surface, as well as human activities on land.

At just 2 meters above the surface, the thrusters cut out and Schiaparelli drops, cushioning its landing with a collapsible aluminum honeycomb on its underside.

Multiple observations indicate that the flowing water responsible for shaping and moving the rounded pebbles encountered in the vicinity of the rover landing area has long since been lost to space, though some of it may still exist deep below the surface of the planet at equatorial locations (water ice is known to exist near the surface at the poles).

For those perhaps not familiar with the jargon of the Martian astronaut community, crew selection protocols are what you use before a trip to Mars to determine what kind of person is going to make a staunch and reliable crew member, as opposed to the kind liable to — as we say in astropsychology — fall victim to Space Madness, sell his soul to the onboard master computer, disembowel his crewmates somewhere deep in the black, unaccountable void, eventually landing on Mars only to scamper briefly across its surface, forgetting his helmet in a self - made diaper of hydraulic cabling, and finally collapsing with a mouthful of red dirt, advancing human understanding of the Red Planet millimetrically, if at all.

For example, if the tension gauge tethers on the surface are strong, cells will adhere to the surface and rupture the tethers only at the periphery of landing areas, leaving fluorescent footprints dark at the periphery and bright in the middle, called an «edge rupture pattern» by researchers.

As Lau explained to an audience at the International Workshop on Land Surface Multi-sphere Processes of the Tibetan Plateau and Their Environmental and Climate Effects Assessment — held in August in China — there are two pollutant transportation pathways into the tropopause, one from India and the other from central and eastern China.

At some point between the first amphibians moving onto dry land and the evolution of mammals, the neocortex arose — extra layers of neural tissue on the surface of the brain.

For their paper, published in Applied Geography, researchers at the Earth Institute at Columbia University and Battelle Memorial Institute studied air temperature data from weather stations, land surface temperatures measured by satellites and socioeconomic data.

The slowdown refers to slower - than - expected rates at which temperatures measured on the land and at sea surfaces have been rising since the turn of the century.

Matei Georgescu, associate director of the School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning at Arizona State University, explains that even though satellite - measured land surface temperatures may not be an ideal indicator, this limited data can still help answer research questions.