Conversely ghrelin, produced mainly by P / D1 cells lining the
fundus of the
stomach, exerts appetite stimulating effects and so levels are typically
at their peak pre-meal and decrease post - prandially.87 As weight - loss is associated with increased fasting levels of ghrelin 88 and reduced suppression in response to a meal in obese subjects 89, changes in circulating ghrelin levels have been assessed in several IER studies.