A group of former and current Arizona State University researchers say chemical differences found between rocks samples
at volcanic hotspots around the world can be explained by a model of mantle dynamics that involves plumes, upwellings of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle, that originate in the lower mantle and physically interact with chemically distinct piles of material.
Not exact matches
Previous attempts to image mantle plumes have detected pockets of hot rock rising in areas where plumes have been proposed, but it was unclear whether they were connected to
volcanic hotspots at the surface or the roots of the plumes
at the core mantle boundary 2,900 kilometers (1,800 miles) below the surface.
At the time, vegetation there would have been frequently blanketed in
volcanic dust from the Yellowstone
hotspot and the Columbia River Basalts.