Sentences with phrase «atmosphere at any given level»

Stabilising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere at any given level, already at 393 parts per million and rising at an average 2.3 ppm per year, requires annual emission be reduced more than 80 per cent below current levels eventually.

Not exact matches

However, even at the temperature of its dayside, its atmosphere probably resembles the molecule - dominated atmospheres of other planets and, given the level of ultraviolet irradiation it experiences, its atmosphere is unlikely to be substantially ablated over the lifetime of its star.

From day one we've been committed to providing a welcoming atmosphere so that guests feel right at home and we always endeavor to treat our patrons with the same level of integrity, kindness and respect that we give to our own friends and family.

[note1] To a good approximation, the pressure at any given vertical level in the atmosphere is such that it supports the weight of the column of gasses above it.

At a given level in the atmosphere, any low that is generally characterized by colder air near its center than around its periphery; the opposite of a warm low.

A stronger gravitational field will produce a lower, denser, warmer surface than a weaker gravitational field since the amount of solar energy retained by the atmosphere will be focused into a smaller volume and that amount of energy will be determined by the amount of mass available to absorb it at any given level of solar irradiation.

I think that all they represent is the temperature of the atmosphere when it is in equilibrium at any given level.

-- higher temperatures give more CO2 from the oceans which, even after fractionation at the sea surface, has a higher d13C level than the current atmosphere.

Bolin & Eriksson's «buffer» factor would give about 10 times higher CO2 concentration in air vs. sea water at about 0.0003 atmospheres CO2 partial pressure, increasing dramatically to an air / water CO2 partition coefficient of about 50:1 at a CO2 partial pressure of about 0.003 atmospheres (10 times the assumed pre-industrial level; Bacastow & Keeling, 1973; see Section 7 below for more on the «buffer» factor).

The presence of feedback effects and tipping points calls into question some of the most fundamental assumptions of climate change negotiations, including the belief that we can «overshoot» to, say, 550 ppm and then work back to 450 ppm (the path advocated in the Stern and Garnaut reports), that greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere can be stabilised at some level, and the belief that we can adapt to some given degree of warming.

Given that the oceans drive the atmosphere and the oceans are running at record OHC levels, this is not surprising.

As current levels of CO2 show the same CO2 levels at the south pole as for the rest (95 %) of the atmosphere within a year (despite fast changes in level), that gives confidence that ice cores show more or less global CO2 levels of ancient atmospheres...

Furthermore, the term climate and its measurement (mean world - wide temperature or mwwT) as a temperature level is really a measure of total eK stored within the earth's entire atmosphere at any given moment.

ii) In the case of the Ideal Gas Law it is the height of an atmosphere of a given mass that determines the number of molecules per unit of volume at the surface and the more molecules per unit of volume the hotter the surface will become at a given level of solar input.

In the case of GGR, we have started to see a shift, e.g., with a major programme funded by the UK National Environment Research Council (NERC) that «will undertake research to improve our knowledge of the options for removing carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases from the atmosphere at a climatically - relevant scale, giving interdisciplinary attention to the environmental, technical, economic, governance and wider societal aspects of such approaches on a national level and in an international context» (http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/funded/programmes/ggr/).

I believe the IPCC plans all call for a black box solution where we develop a technology to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or ocean to drive the CO2 levels or to at least slow the rise of CO2 and give us more time to make fundamental changes in the way we live to limit global warming to some arbitrary level.

Should the climate negotiations try to cap CO2 pollution in the atmosphere at 550 parts per million (ppm), 450 ppm, or some other (hopefully lower) figure Or should we take an entirely different approach and try to cap temperature change itself, rather than CO2 pollution And what must we know about the kinds of impacts and instabilities that can be expected at any given level View Full Text»

The horizontal blue lines give the threshold CO2 needed to make the atmosphere optically thick at 1x the preindustrial CO2 level and 4x that level.

I don't know how accurate 510 million km2 is for Earth's surface area; taking 4 * pi * 6371 ^ 2 km2 ~ = 510.064 million km2; but I don't know the formula for an ellipsoid (polar radius is slightly smaller than equatorial radius)(for what it's worth, 4 * pi * 6381 ^ 2 km2 ~ = 511.667 million km2, which gives a sense of why most of the mass of the atmosphere can be approximated as having the same horizontal area as at sea level (a 1 % increase in area is reached at a height of about 31.8 km)-RRB-.