Sentences with phrase «atmosphere at the surface»

Water pressure at those depths is more than 200 times that of the atmosphere at the surface, and no one knew what all the heat, gas, and salt below the seafloor might do to the drilling equipment.

Figure 5: Five different analyses of surface temperature records show warming of the atmosphere at the surface level.

So, we would expect the atmosphere at the surface of a planet to be warmer that it is at the top of the atmosphere.

And so today we have a carbon dioxide atmosphere on Venus which is 92 times more dense than Earth's atmosphere at the surface.

ferd berple says: ``... increasing the weight of N2O2 in the atmosphere will increase the surface temperature, as more and more molecules are packed into a smaller volume, resulting in a net increase in energy per cubic meter of atmosphere at the surface, which we measure as an increase in temperature.»

So, a cubic meter of atmosphere at the surface has more molecules than a cubic meter of atmosphere higher up.

That gravity is responsible for the 33K in unexplained heating and contrary to the assumptions of the radiative transfer model, increasing the weight of N2O2 in the atmosphere will increase the surface temperature, as more and more molecules are packed into a smaller volume, resulting in a net increase in energy per cubic meter of atmosphere at the surface, which we measure as an increase in temperature.

for the most recent lack of warming of both the atmosphere at the surface (HadCRUT) and the upper ocean (ARGO) is «unlikely to prove a «game changer» < / em.

Not exact matches

Hmm, so you're telling me that a «heat shield» that was made of «special plastic» (as NASA called it back in the day), which was nothing but epoxy smeared over a ss honey comb «protected» the astros barreling into the upper atmosphere at hypersonic 5 miles / sec, or well over 30 times the velocity of a jumbo - jet and thru temperatures *** as quoted by NASA *** that are «10 times hotter than the surface of the sun», and then they «braked» with only a parachute to a safe splashdown?

We know that the surface temperature worldwide is rapidly increasing, that the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are at their highest levels in at least 200,000 years.

Researchers had previously suggested that a substantial fraction of the tenuous shroud, which has a surface pressure about one - billionth that of Earth's atmosphere at sea level, turns to frost for the 2 hours that Io lies in Jupiter's shadow.

Researchers have found a host of Earth - like planets, and are trying to understand what conditions might be like at the surface of a planet with a rocky core and a thick atmosphere.

Findings include a discovery that surface waters in the open Arctic Ocean release heat - trapping methane gas into the atmosphere at a «significant» rate

Several new studies of the satellite and balloon data have now largely resolved this discrepancy — with consistent warming found at the surface and in the atmosphere.

Coronal rain is made of dense knots of relatively cold gas, at tens or hundreds of thousands of degrees C, which pours down towards the sun's visible surface from the outer atmosphere.

The reason for climate scientists» pessimism is this: Carbon dioxide persists in the atmosphere for centuries, so today's emissions would trap heat at the Earth's surface well into the future.

«Titan's atmosphere is made up mainly of nitrogen and methane, with 50 % higher pressure at its surface than on Earth,» said Andrew Coates (UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory), who led the study.

The moon has no atmosphere to trap heat, and the surface temperature around the equator rockets to a daytime high of about 123 °C and plunges to -173 °C at night.

When the team looked at the overall balance between the radiation upward from the surface of the ice sheet and the radiation both upward and downward from the upper levels of the atmosphere across all infrared wavelengths over the course of a year, they found that in central Antarctica the surface and lower atmosphere, against expectation, actually lose more energy to space if the air contains greenhouse gases, the researchers report online and in a forthcoming Geophysical Research Letters.

Sea spray droplets are aerosol water particles that are ejected into the atmosphere as waves break at the ocean surface.

And in the case of Mars, we are just looking at a lot of phenomena that were taking away a lot of the atmosphere in general and leaving the oxygen, so that it could start to oxidize a lot of the surface of the planet.

Using satellite observations of meteoric «flares» in the atmosphere («shooting stars») and acoustical data that record cosmic impacts on the surface of the earth, Peter Brown and his co-workers at the University of Western Ontario and Los Alamos National Laboratory estimated the rate of smaller impacts.

Without the extraordinarily dry surface and the anomalous high - pressure conditions in the lowest level of the atmosphere occurring at the same time, the extreme, persistent hot spells wouldn't have occurred, says paper co-author Diego Miralles, a climate hydrologist at Ghent University in Belgium.

At the same time the surface and the atmosphere emit infrared radiation back to space, which produces cooling.

Even more shocking, Pluto's biggest moon, Charon — just 751 miles wide — also shows a dynamic, rifted surface, with a dark smudge at the north pole, possibly methane captured from Pluto's thin atmosphere.

Because the Sun produces heat at its core, this runs counter to what one would initially expect: normally the layer closest to a source of heat, the Sun's surface, in this case, would have a higher temperature than the more distant atmosphere.

Without the ozone layer, ultraviolet rays from the sun would reach the surface at nearly full force, causing skin cancer and, more seriously, killing off the tiny photosynthetic plankton in the ocean that provide oxygen to the atmosphere and bolster the bottom of the food chain.

Whizzing 200 miles above the Martian surface at 2.2 miles per second, it will pick out finer surface details on Mars than commercial satellites can show us on Earth, where cameras have to ride twice as far above the ground to avoid our planet's thicker atmosphere.

Year - round ice - free conditions across the surface of the Arctic Ocean could explain why Earth was substantially warmer during the Pliocene Epoch than it is today, despite similar concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to new research carried out at the University of Colorado Boulder.

It represents the warming at the earth's surface that is expected after the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere doubles and the climate subsequently stabilizes (reaches equilibrium).

At some point soon, probably in the next decade or two, the atmosphere will freeze and condense into crystals on the surface.

Webb will peer at the starlight filtering through planetary atmospheres to try to detect molecules that could be produced by something living on the surface.

As its concentration rises in the atmosphere, carbon enters the ocean through chemical reactions, causing its pH at the surface to drop by 0.1 units since the preindustrial era.

For starters, the orbiter beamed back incredibly detailed stereo photos of the surface, measured the ozone distribution in the planet's atmosphere, and confirmed the presence of water ice at the south pole.

«A magnetic field protects the atmosphere of a planet or moon, and the atmosphere protects the surface,» says study coauthor Sonia Tikoo, a planetary scientist at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J. Together, the two protect the potential habitability of the planet or moon, possibly those far beyond our solar system.

«With its dual view measurement capability, it will be used to derive accurate surface temperature, a key parameter at the ocean - atmosphere boundary.

Then again, with the surface of Venus being at almost 900 °F (500 °C) under more than 90 times the air pressure of Earth's atmosphere at sea level, with occasional showers of acid, it's not easy to test the properties of materials under Venusian conditions.

Specifically, liquid CO2 is heavier than the water above it at 8,850 feet (2,700 meters) or more under the surface, meaning any leaks would never bubble back into the atmosphere.

When a storm forms, it spins in one direction at the surface, and the opposite direction toward the upper atmosphere, creating a «dipole of vorticity.»

Thus, he concludes, a large fraction of extrasolar planets «will be the right size to keep on their surface water and possibly an atmosphere of some sort» and some will be «at the proper distance from their parent sun to maintain a suitable temperature».

At each site, Dragonfly would sample the surface and atmosphere with a suite of carefully selected science instruments that will characterize the habitability of Titan's environment, investigate how far prebiotic chemistry progressed, and search for chemical signatures indicative of water - and / or hydrocarbon - based life.

The low nitrogen loss rate is consistent with an undetected Charon atmosphere but possibly inconsistent with sublimation / erosional features seen on Pluto's surface, so that past escape rates may have been much larger at times.

The sun's surface is blisteringly hot at 10,340 degrees Fahrenheit — but its atmosphere is another 300 times hotter.

Zehner says that the agency plans to build and launch at least five «sentinel» satellites to monitor not only trace gases that indicate pollution in the atmosphere, but also the surface temperature of the oceans, the movement of ice and the shifting of land masses.

This «radical initiator» pathway is important for understanding which molecules at the sea surface end up in the atmosphere, where they seed clouds.

Guiding CE5 - T1 back to Earth poses a new challenge; entering the atmosphere at a speed of 11.2 km / s is nearly 50 % faster than the return speed of China's Shenzhou spacecraft, which has carried orbiting astronauts safely back to Earth's surface.

None of those particles seem to have arrived at the martian surface as observed by the Curiosity rover, confirming that they were absorbed in the atmosphere.

But some regions may become redder and darker than others because parts of the atmosphere collapse, exposing those spots to more surface - darkening radiation from space, researchers report March 22 at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas.

«The amount of visible radiation entering the lower atmosphere was increasing, which implies warming at the surface,» says atmospheric physicist Joanna Haigh of Imperial College London, who led the research, published in Nature on October 7.

Thanks to industrialization, mercury levels in the atmosphere are at least three times higher than they were 150 years ago, and mercury levels in ocean surface waters are higher too.