Sentences with phrase «atmosphere by condensation»

They can either be directly emitted into the atmosphere (primary aerosols like dust), or they can be formed in the atmosphere by condensation (secondary aerosol like sulfates).

Not exact matches

The presence of water ice, he says, supports the idea that Saturn's superstorms are powered by condensation of water and originate deep in the atmosphere, about 200 kilometers below the visible cloud deck.

In an interesting twist in this finding is that our radiative transfer modeling revealed that the particles in L - dwarfs have to be so high up in the atmosphere that they can not be part of a simple single cloud, which base is set by the condensation of silicates.

According to my old text book «A Short Course in Cloud Physics» by Rogers and Yau (1989, p. 95 in Third edition): «Condensation nuclei of some sort are always present in the atmosphere in ample numbers: clouds form whenever there are vertical air motions and sufficient moisture».

The height redistribution in the atmosphere of condensation nuclei with a change of the electric field of the atmosphere is accompanied by a change in total latent heat (phase transition of water vapor), by changes in radiation balance, and by subsequent changes of the thermobaric field of troposphere.

Heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere is mainly mediated by the blowing wind, evaporation and condensation not infrared radiation.

In the atmosphere there is fundamentally only one dominant driving mechanism — temperature (although modulated by water vapor and the latent heat released by condensation into clouds).

The Realclimate theory thus fails and the temperature gradient from the body of the ocean to the top millimetre and then the atmosphere is maintained at or near to the natural level with the extra warmth being ejected from the system by the enhanced evaporation / condensation and weather processes.

Any extra warmth generated in the atmosphere by CO2 or any other trace gas will quickly be neutralised by the hugely greater effect of the oceans in so far as it has not already been dispersed by increased radiation to space, evaporation, convection, condensation and rainfall.

The report considers all the gases and particles emitted by aircraft into the upper atmosphere and the role that they play in modifying the chemical properties of the atmosphere and initiating the formation of condensation trails (contrails) and cirrus clouds.

Heated by condensation on the rise, the descending dry air would adiabatically heat up at 9.8 deg C per 1000 meters and so that it would rapidly become warmer than surrounding atmosphere having a standard lapse rate of 6.5 deg C per 1000 meters.

For the adiabatic process the formula considers the partial pressures and specific heats of the gases forming the atmosphere, an adiabatic constant and corrective coefficients for the heating caused by water condensation in the wet atmosphere and for the absorption of infrared radiation by the atmosphere.

What Lacis means is that because of condensation and precipitation, water vapor is limited in the atmosphere by the temperature.

I am thinking the solar energy invested in evaporation (in this case, of irrigation water) is matched by the energy released during condensation; energy released to the atmosphere, raising the temperature of the air.

H2O's distribution IS governed however by its freezing and condensation point altitudes to the «lower» atmosphere.

I can tell you that it is related to the ions in the atmosphere which are governed by solar activity and in fact, there are three microphysical mechanisms linking these ions to the nucleation and growth of cloud condensation nuclei.

It provides vapor in the atmosphere, heat transport by evaporation and condensation, and the enormous, circulating mass of the ocean whose heat capacity dominates.

Condensation is certainly there and it's important because of the release of latent heat, but the loss of gas molecules is compensated automatically by rather small vertical adjustments in the atmosphere and does not drive anything of the kind the paper proposes.

It may happen that condensation causes a pressure change but that requires some cooling by other means, e.g. condensation on cold glass, which we don't see so much in the free atmosphere, so I am skeptical of this process.

As said on cards n ° 1, n ° 6 and n ° 15, for an atmosphere in a gravitation field, the tropospheric lapse rate is dT / dz = — g / (Cp + Ch) where g = 9,8 m / s ², Cp = 1005 J / kg, and Ch summarizes the effect of the heating of the air (1) by absorption of the solar infrared by water vapour or liquid and (2) by the condensation of the water vapour.

The lapse rate of nonrising air — commonly referred to as the normal, or environmental, lapse rate — is highly variable, being affected by radiation, convection, and condensation; it averages about 6.5 °C per kilometre (18.8 °F per mile) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere).

It's only that CO2 removal (mostly by oceans, soil, bioesphere) is slower than H2O removal (by condensation) from the atmosphere, which is almost immediate.

The IPCC summary is deeply flawed as a scientific document and as I have explained in other recent articles it appears impossible for increased levels of atmospheric CO2 at the puny levels caused by mankind to affect the characteristics of the atmosphere enough to significantly enhance the greenhouse effect and even if it could do so then any such effect would be quickly neutralised by the primary solar / oceanic driver and the oceans acting in conjunction with evaporation, condensation and atmospheric convection (which includes clouds and rain).

(For the earth system as a whole, the only way it can lose heat is via radiation, although heat can be transferred between different parts of the system, e.g., surface to atmosphere by convection and evaporation / condensation.)

The surface temperature basically ends up being determined by the top - of - the - atmosphere energy budget plus the lapse rate that is basically constrained come through convection, evaporation / condensation, etc..

The reason this warms the surface is most easily understood by starting with a simplified model of a purely radiative greenhouse effect that ignores energy transfer in the atmosphere by convection (sensible heat transport) and by the evaporation and condensation of water vapor (latent heat transport).

Scavenging The process of removal of gases or small particles in the atmosphere by uptake (condensation, nucleation, impaction, or coagulation) into larger (cloud or precipitation) particles.