Sentences with phrase «atmosphere by volcanic eruptions»
Previous pauses in temperature rise in 1982 and 1991 were attributed to the ash and sulfur aerosols spewed into the atmosphere by the volcanic eruptions of El Chichón in Mexico and Pinatubo in the Philippines, respectively.
https://www.nytimes.com/ Not exact matches
Now, research suggests that for the past decade, such stratospheric aerosols — injected into the atmosphere by either recent volcanic eruptions or human activities such as coal burning — are slowing down global warming.
To determine whether declining pollutants deserve credit for the recovery, the researchers used a 3D atmospheric model to separate the effects of the chemicals from those of weather, which can affect ozone loss through winds and temperature, and volcanic eruptions, which deplete ozone by pumping sulfate particles into the upper atmosphere.
Since the 1990s, scientists have been discussing using aircraft to inject aerosols, such as sulfates, into the atmosphere as a form of geoengineering to mimic volcanic eruptions that sometimes cool the planet by casting shades of particulate matter.
As chlorine levels continue to dissipate from the atmosphere, Solomon sees no reason why, barring future volcanic eruptions, the ozone hole shouldn't shrink and eventually close permanently by midcentury.
Geologists measure eruptions by the Volcanic Explosivity Index, which uses whole numbers from 0 to 8 to rate the relative amount of ash, dust, and sulphur a volcano throws into the atmosphere.
The research team showed that prior to the industrial period (pre AD 1800), changes in the North Atlantic Ocean, brought about by variations in the Sun's activity and volcanic eruptions, were driving our climate and led to changes in the atmosphere, which subsequently impacted our weather.
Meanwhile, hydrogen sulfide, which would have been released in huge amounts by volcanic eruptions, would have mostly stayed in the atmosphere, as the molecule is relatively insoluble in water, and therefore would not have had regular opportunities to interact with hydrogen cyanide.
Plant samples preserved underneath these outlet glaciers on Baffin Island in the Canadian Arctic led NSF - funded researchers to conclude that the Earth's Little Ice Age began in 1275 and was triggered by repeated volcanic eruptions that cooled the atmosphere.
Professor Drijfhout added: «When a similar cooling or reduced heating is caused by volcanic eruptions or decreasing greenhouse emissions the heat flow is reversed, from the ocean into the atmosphere.
I won't argue that our added gases may contribute to the warming to some very, very small degree, but keep in mind, the ash plume from a good volcanic eruption such as the last big Pinatubo eruption eclipses into insignificants the amount of pollutants added to the atmosphere by human activity.
In the past, volcanic eruptions caused by changes at plate boundaries have warmed the atmosphere by pumping out greenhouse gases.
That left the El Chichon and Pinatubo volcanic eruptions in 1982 and 1991 as the remaining major natural perturbations to the climate trend, although that had as much to do with the timing of the eruptions as it did with the cooling caused by the nearly global distribution of volcanic ash in the upper atmosphere.
They happen when magnetic energy that has accumulated in the solar atmosphere suddenly escapes with the power of 10 million volcanic eruptions, as described by NASA.
I won't argue that our added gases may contribute to the warming to some very, very small degree, but keep in mind, the ash plume from a good volcanic eruption such as the last big Pinatubo eruption eclipses into insignificants the amount of pollutants added to the atmosphere by human activity.
The largest eruption of the 20th Century inspired a large amount of research on the connection between volcanic eruptions and the Earth's atmosphere in the 12 years since that eruption, as exemplified by the chapters in this book.
Models demonstrate that the trend can be attributed clearly to the reduced concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere, in spite of some complexity introduced by the particles ejected from volcanic eruptions.
Or said differently the amount dust per cubic of meter in space could insignificant less than the amount in Earth's atmosphere caused by a volcanic eruption.
That Ludlum-esque moniker derives from the 1991 volcanic eruption that spewed 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, blocking out a fraction of the sun's rays and cooling the planet by 1 degree Fahrenheit.
I excluded years which were strongly influenced by the El Chichón (1983 — 1985) and Mount Pinatubo (1992 — 1994) volcanic eruptions (because large eruptions release particulates into the atmosphere which cause a strong short - term cooling), and looked at the temperature trends in each of the three categories (Figure 1).
By 1962, man burning fossil fuels was adding SO2 to the atmosphere at a rate equivalent to one «large» volcanic eruption each 1.7 years.
92) If one factors in non-greenhouse influences such as El Nino events and large volcanic eruptions, lower atmosphere satellite - based temperature measurements show little, if any, global warming since 1979, a period over which atmospheric CO2 has increased by 55 ppm (17 per cent).
All the CO2 in the atmosphere has been created by outgassing from the Earth's core during massive volcanic eruptions.
They range from mimicking the effects of large volcanic eruptions by releasing sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, to deploying giant mirrors in space to deflect the sun's rays.
Assuming 1 % hydrate by pore water volume were released on average from the slide volume, you get a methane release of about 0.8 Gton of C. Even if all of the hydrate made it to the atmosphere, it would have had a smaller climate impact than a volcanic eruption (I calculated the methane impact on the radiative budget here).