Sentences with phrase «atmosphere ocean general circulation model»

Here a simple biologically and physically - based model of sapflow potential is used to assess observed changes in sapflow across the Northeastern US from 1980 to 2006; document the correspondence between these observations and independent downscaled atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of conditions during this period; and quantify changes in sapflow potential through 2100.

People convinced as to the accuracy of AO - GCM (Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model) simulations may believe that these provide acceptable estimates of S, but even the IPCC does not deny the importance of observational evidence.

This project used a compiled set of emission and forcing scenarios called the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) to drive a group of the most complex climate available, so - called Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models.

The fact that the Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models are not able to explain the post-1970 temperature increase by natural forcing was interpreted as proof that it was caused by humans.

Not exact matches

CMIP was established as a resource for climate modelers, providing a standard protocol for studying the output of coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation models so that these models can be compared and validated.

(Top left) Global annual mean radiative influences (W m — 2) of LGM climate change agents, generally feedbacks in glacial - interglacial cycles, but also specified in most Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) simulations for the LGM.

In an ensemble of fully coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of the late Paleocene and early Eocene, we identify such a circulation - driven enhanced intermediate - water warming.

Diansky, N.A., and E.M. Volodin, 2002: Simulation of the present - day climate with a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model.

Robertson, A.W., 2001: Influence of ocean - atmosphere interaction on the Arctic Oscillation in two general circulation models.

Schiller, A., U. Mikolajewicz, and R. Voss, 1997: The stability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean - atmosphere general circulation model.

Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Models are able to simulate extreme warm temperatures, cold air outbreaks and frost days reasonably well.

Yu, Y., Z. Zhang, and Y. Guo, 2004: Global coupled ocean - atmosphere general circulation models in LASG / IAP.

Knowledge of dominant scales associated with mesoscale eddies enables a better understanding of the resolution requirements for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, the framework used for comparison of global coupled ocean - atmosphere general circulation models.

The Met Office Hadley Centre (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research) climate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanModel, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater than B1).

There is considerable confidence that Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) provide credible quantitative estimates of future climate change, particularly at continental and larger scales.

Using a complex coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model (ECHAM5 / MPI - OM) climate response experiments with enhanced small - scale fluctuations are performed.

This term often requires additional qualification (e.g., as to whether or not the atmosphere is fully coupled to an ocean — see «Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Modeatmosphere is fully coupled to an ocean — see «Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model&raqocean — see «Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation ModeAtmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model&raqOcean General Circulation Model»).

Recent 20 experiments with a fully coupled atmosphere — ocean climate general circulation model (GCM) supported this scenario (Lunt et al., 2011).

«GCM — General Circulation Model (sometimes Global Climate Model) which includes the physics of the atmosphere and often the ocean, sea ice and land surface as well.»

The output from all the atmosphere - ice - ocean - land coupled general circulation models (GCMs) is hosted in the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory database.

A vast array of thought has been brought to bear on this problem, beginning with Arrhenius» simple energy balance calculation, continuing through Manabe's one - dimensional radiative - convective models in the 1960's, and culminating in today's comprehensive atmosphere - ocean general circulation models.

We employed two different climate model simulations: (1) the simulation of the NCAR CSM 1.4 coupled atmosphere - ocean General Circulation Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (model simulations: (1) the simulation of the NCAR CSM 1.4 coupled atmosphere - ocean General Circulation Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (Model (EBM).

As noted in that post, RealClimate defines the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation («AMO») as, «A multidecadal (50 - 80 year timescale) pattern of North Atlantic ocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulatocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») siatmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») siAtmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulatOcean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulations.

Abstract: «The patterns of time / space changes in near - surface temperature due to the separate forcing components are simulated with a coupled atmosphere — ocean general circulation model»

«A General Circulation Experiment with a Coupled Atmosphere, Ocean and Sea Ice Model.»

Experiments with coupled ocean - atmosphere general circulation models (which represent the complexity of the climate system much more realistically than this simple model) give similar results.

An increased number of simulations using EMICs or Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) that are the same as, or related to, the models used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these peModels (AOGCMs) that are the same as, or related to, the models used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these pemodels used in simulations of the climates of the 20th and 21st centuries are available for these periods.

Thus Figure 1 depicts the IPCC TAR Scenario A2 temperature projection based on a simple climate model which was tuned to the seven Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Models (AOCGMs).

Rowlands (2012) write, «Here we present results from a multi-thousand-member perturbed - physics ensemble of transient coupled atmosphere — ocean general circulation model simulations.

«Climate Sensitivity Due to Increased CO2: Experiments with a Coupled Atmosphere and Ocean General Circulation Model.»

«Development of Global Coupled Ocean - Atmosphere General Circulation Models.»

The ensemble and seasonal forecast systems use a coupled atmosphere - ocean model, which includes a simulation of the general circulation of the ocean and the associated coupled feedback processes that exist.

Our proxy records are compared with climate model simulations using a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model.

Pfeiffer, M. & Lohmann, G. Greenland ice sheet influence on last interglacial climate: global sensitivity studies performed with an atmosphere — ocean general circulation model.

Importantly, the changes in cereal yield projected for the 2020s and 2080s are driven by GHG - induced climate change and likely do not fully capture interannual precipitation variability which can result in large yield reductions during dry periods, as the IPCC (Christensen et al., 2007) states: ``... there is less confidence in the ability of the AOGCMs (atmosphere - ocean general circulation models) to generate interannual variability in the SSTs (sea surface temperatures) of the type known to affect African rainfall, as evidenced by the fact that very few AOGCMs produce droughts comparable in magnitude to the Sahel droughts of the 1970s and 1980s.»

An analysis of two coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation models control runs (UK Met Office HadCM3 and NOAA GFDL CM2.1) agree with the shorter and longer time - scales of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and temperature fluctuations with periodicities close to thoscirculation models control runs (UK Met Office HadCM3 and NOAA GFDL CM2.1) agree with the shorter and longer time - scales of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and temperature fluctuations with periodicities close to thosCirculation (AMOC) and temperature fluctuations with periodicities close to those observed.

These computer programs, called General Circulation Models (GCMs), use various assumptions about physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur within Earth's atmosphere and oceans and on its land surfaces.

Between its Second and Third Assessment Reports, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change elaborated long - term greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, in part to drive global ocean - atmosphere general circulation models, and ultimately to assess the urgency of action to prevent the risk of climatic change.

The response of atmospheric CO2 and climate to the reconstructed variability in solar irradiance and radiative forcing by volcanoes over the last millennium is examined by applying a coupled physical — biogeochemical climate model that includes the Lund - Potsdam - Jena dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ - DGVM) and a simplified analogue of a coupled atmosphere — ocean general circulation model.

This study evaluates the forecast skill of the fourth version of the Canadian coupled ocean — atmosphere general circulation model (CanCM4) and its model output statistics (MOS) to forecast the seasonal rainfall in Malaysia, particularly during early (October — November — December) and late (January — February — March) winter monsoon periods.

Mechoso, C. R., and and Coauthors,, 1995: The seasonal cycle over the tropical Pacific in coupled ocean — atmosphere general circulation models.

These concern the large - scale general circulations of the atmosphere and ocean, and they are in principle represented in current comprehensive coupled climate models.

Here we present results from a multi-thousand-member perturbed - physics ensemble of transient coupled atmosphere — ocean general circulation model simulations.

CMIP was established as a resource for climate modelers, providing a standard protocol for studying the output of coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation models so that these models can be compared and validated.

Coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) provide a representation of the climate system that is near the most comprehensive end of the spectrum currently available.

Here we use a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model to simulate the climate of the mid-Pliocene warm period (about three million years ago), and analyse the forcings and feedbacks that contributed to the relatively warm temperatures.

This climate modeling experiment was performed using the GISS ModelE general circulation coupled atmosphere - ocean climate model by zeroing out all of the non-condensing greenhouse gases.

However, detailed climate projections carried out with Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) have typically used a prescribed CO2 concentration scenario, neglecting two - way coupling between climate and the carbon cycle.

Interview with Jack Eddy Ocean Currents and Climate Theory Simple Models of Climate Change Chaos in the Atmosphere Venus & Mars General Circulation Models of Climate Basic Radiation Calculations Arakawa's Computation Device GCM Family Tree (P. Edwards)

The climate changes have been simulated by seven coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs; see Table 1 of the accompanying report), the greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing being inferred from the SRES emission scenarios A1FI, A2, B1 and B2.