And, therefore, energy exchanged between the surface and
the atmosphere via radiation is not proven to be equal.
Not exact matches
With the current GHG content in the
atmosphere, more solar energy arrives than leaves
via radiation -LRB-.85 + / -.15 Watt / m ^ 2), which raises the heat content of the terrestrial system, i.e., the average temperature over the whole earth + oceans +
atmosphere.
However it appears to me that lower layers of the
atmosphere must also be losing energy
via long wavelength
radiation since they are gaining energy
via convection from below.
CO2 reduces the rate at which the
atmosphere loses its energy to space
via infrared
radiation, which in turn reduces the flow of energy from the Earth's surface to the
atmosphere.
A side point here is that the ocean loses heat by
radiation to both the air (thanks to greenhouse gases) and to space, and to the
atmosphere by direct conduction and this,
via convection and
radiation, ultimately to space.
There is of course a direct heat exchange between the ground and the
atmosphere, but the main transfer happens
via heat
radiation.
What I am hearing, seems to be that it is assumed that ALL of the surface
radiation is absorbed in the lowest
atmosphere layers EXCEPT Trenberth's ridiculously small 40 W / m ^ 2 that escpaes immediately
via «the amosheric window».
Understanding how the earth and
atmosphere cool to space
via radiation is a critical component in understanding surface temperature changes.
The best papers I've read (so far) that seek to explain how things like the DALR and wet air lapse rates effect the actual transport of heat from the solar - heated surface and
atmosphere to where it is ultimately lost
via radiation are really quite good.
Although
radiation to space occurs over the whole planet there is a general movement of heat from equator to poles
via the oceans and
atmosphere.
«All the energy that enters or leaves the Earth system does so
via radiation at the top of the
atmosphere.
(For the earth system as a whole, the only way it can lose heat is
via radiation, although heat can be transferred between different parts of the system, e.g., surface to
atmosphere by convection and evaporation / condensation.)
That is determined by consideration of the absorption of the
atmosphere of terrestrial
radiation (and
radiation emitted by the
atmosphere), which essentially ends up determining at what altitude the temperature has to be determined
via radiative balance between the Earth system (earth +
atmosphere) and the sun and space [which for the earth system with its current albedo is ~ 255 K].
Hence, the easiest way to figure out what is going to happen to the surface temperature is actually to look at the energy budget at the top of the
atmosphere (where we know the only energy transfers are
via radiation) and then to incorporate convection and latent heat transfer essentially through understanding the constraints that they set on the lapse rate.
Energy is received by the Earth's surface directly from the sun and also
via long - wave
radiation from the
atmosphere.
If the energy is transferred to other gases
via collisions, the heated gases of the
atmosphere will radiate according to the laws of black body
radiation (i.e. equal in all directions).
Doc, you then remind me: -LSB-[«I should add also that while convection is important within the
atmosphere, the only way that Earth as a whole can lose heat is
via radiation.
There may be convection and conduction within the
atmosphere (up to about 10 Km as found by E. O. Hulburt in 1931), but between the Earth (including the
atmosphere) and «space», heat is transferred
via radiation since space is a vacuum (you need matter for conduction and convection, also shown by Hulburt in 1931).