Sentences with phrase «atmospheric absorption by»

atmospheric absorption by CO2 and water vapor increases, reducing the solar heating at the surface, and surface evaporation increases faster with temperature than the transfer of sensible heat (due to the Clausius - Clapeyron relation), both of which tend to reduce the diurnal cycle.

Not exact matches

Magnesium lines are critical for determining a black holes mass, but for objects at this distance, the redshifting of the light makes them extremely difficult to capture from the surface of our planet due to absorption by atmospheric water vapor.

IUVS also created a map of the atmospheric ozone on Mars by detecting the absorption of ultraviolet sunlight by the molecule.

Submillimeter observations at the frequency range covered by Band 10 have not been made in earnest due to strong atmospheric absorption.

Although the absorption of atmospheric CO2 by the ocean helps limit climate warming, it also changes seawater chemistry and causes ocean acidification.

Using the bright light generated by these stars, researchers will be able to use spectroscopy — a technique that measures the absorption and emission of light — to determine a planet's mass, density and atmospheric composition, which could provide insights into whether or not it harbors life.

The paintings and sculptures of Glenn Brown are deliquescent in the physical sense of the term, the property possessed by certain solid substances of slow liquefaction by gradual absorption of atmospheric humidity.

It also seems that even though the selective absorption of specific energy bands by different molecules IS the mechanism to add energy to the air, the energy absorbed by CO2 & especially Water Vapor is extremely rapidly dispersed by molecular collisions to ALL the components of the atmosphere, so that the N2 and O2 also heatup, and all the atmospheric components assume a uniform temperature (ie global warming).

All other changes (from feedbacks), as you say, lead to larger «total amount of LW atmospheric absorption», which looks like the same object as the one being forced by «that initial change.»

Thus, if the absorption of the infrared emission from atmospheric greenhouse gases reduces the gradient through the skin layer, the flow of heat from the ocean beneath will be reduced, leaving more of the heat introduced into the bulk of the upper oceanic layer by the absorption of sunlight to remain there to increase water temperature.

(I neglect here atmospheric absorption of IR by water, but that should not mediate cooling at any level.

Starting with zero atmospheric LW absorption, adding any small amount cools the whole atmopshere towards a skin temperature and warms the surface — tending to produce a troposphere (the forcing at any level will be positive, and thus will be positive at the tropopause; it will increase downward toward the surface if the atmosphere were not already as cold as the skin temperature, thus resulting in atmospheric cooling toward the skin temperature; cooling within the troposphere will be balanced by convective heating from the surface at equilibrium, with that surface + troposphere layer responding to tropopause - level forcing.)

At much longer wavelengths, given the surface temperature (which won't change much by introducing a small amount of absorption), the skin temperature would only be a bit more than half of the surface temperature (example: for a surface temperature of 250 K and a small amount of atmospheric absorption at 200 microns, the skin temperature would be about 56 % of the surface temperature), which could be less than the temperature even at TOA.

Moreover, the atmospheric temperature gradient is mitigated by the absorption of solar radiation within the atmosphere (also latent heat deposition), thus a more moderate temperature gradient is established within the ral atmosphere.

CO2 also becomes a more effective greenhouse gas at higher atmospheric pressures (even if super-imposed upon several more bars of a non-greenhouse gas like N2 would generate a much stronger GHE by increasing absorption away from line centers).

The radiative absorption capability of CO2 allows atmospheric molecules to reach a higher temperature than that imparted to them by energy at the surface so they rise to a higher location than would be predicted from their weight and their individual gas constants.

The principles of absorption and emission of radiation by various atmospheric trace gases like water vapor and CO2 rely on the theory of quantum mechanics.

You could help clairify things by answering the following question: If atmospheric layers A and B each contain greenhouse gases, under what conditions will we find that the rate of absorption by layer B of layer A's thermal emission equal the rate of absorption by layer A of layer B's emission?

The dimming was shown to be accompanied by significant atmospheric absorption of solar radiation by black and brown carbon (a form of organic carbon).

Its newly released global carbon budget for 2017 provides estimates of emissions by country, global emissions from land - use changes, atmospheric accumulation of CO2, and absorption of carbon from the atmosphere by the land and oceans.

Henry's law would mandate that absorption rates by the ocean would be linearly related to atmospheric concentration, and biosphere growth would also increase absorption, perhaps not linearly.

The power of the surface radiation increases by the Stefan - Boltzmann law until it (over time) compensates for the atmospheric absorption.»

Instead atmospheric physics uses the fundamental equations (the radiative transfer equations) which determine absorption and emission of radiation by water vapor, CO2, methane, and other trace gases.

It seems to me that any layer from the surface to the highest limits of the atmosphere is radiating some roughly blackbody looking spectrum corresponding to its own Temperature; and much of that spectrum exits directly to space (assuming cloudless skies for the moment) with a spectrum corresponding to the emission temperature of that surface; but now with holes in it from absorption by GHG molecules or the atmospheric gases themselves.

Trenberth's 40 W / m ^ 2 escape via the atmospheric window, also seems too low to me; implying almost complete absorption of the surface emission by the atmosphere whereas spectral plots would seem to allow capture of a much smaller fraction of the total energy.

He showed that atmospheric absorption of long - wave radiation was constant for 61 years while at the same time carbon dioxide increased by 21.6 percent.

This would require the radiative effect of clouds to change from one that increases atmospheric radiative absorption by about \ (0.5 \, \ hbox -LCB- Wm -RCB- ^ -LCB--2 -RCB- \, \ hbox -LCB- K -RCB- ^ -LCB--1 -RCB- \) to one that decreases it by \ -LRB--3.5 \, \ hbox -LCB- Wm -RCB- ^ -LCB--2 -RCB- \, \ hbox -LCB- K -RCB- ^ -LCB--1 -RCB- \).

«It is likely that the current powerful run of positive Pacific Decadal Oscillations is the pulse of warmth from the Mediaeval Warm Period returning to the surface with the consequent inevitable increase in atmospheric CO2 as that warmer water fails to take up as much CO2 by absorption.»

I do need to check whether all of the 78 W / m ^ 2 is said to be absorbed in the absorption wavelengths of GHGs or whether some of this is component is absorbed in the absorption wavelenghts of other gases and / or by atmospheric aerosols.

It is also possible that, even at pre-industrial concentrations of atmospheric CO2, we were already above the «saturation point» of IR absorption by CO2, and therefore, even the warming that has occurred in the last 150 years could not have been caused by carbon dioxide.

The popular explanation of the greenhouse effect as the result of the LW atmospheric absorption of the surface radiation and the surface heating by the atmospheric downward radiation is incorrect, since the involved flux terms (AA and ED) are always equal.

1950s: Research on military applications of radar and infrared radiation promotes advances in radiative transfer theory and measurements = > Radiation math — Studies conducted largely for military applications give accurate values of infrared absorption by gases = > CO2 greenhouse — Nuclear physicists and chemists develop Carbon - 14 analysis, useful for dating ancient climate changes = > Carbon dates, for detecting carbon from fossil fuels in the atmosphere, and for measuring the rate of ocean turnover = > CO2 greenhouse — Development of digital computers affects many fields including the calculation of radiation transfer in the atmosphere = > Radiation math, and makes it possible to model weather processes = > Models (GCMs)-- Geological studies of polar wandering help provoke Ewing - Donn model of ice ages = > Simple models — Improvements in infrared instrumentation (mainly for industrial processes) allow very precise measurements of atmospheric CO2 = > CO2 greenhouse.

Now, if you reduce the surface temperature of 265K by an amount that's enough to fill in the hole at 15um (and the other smaller holes in CO2's lesser absorption bands) to make a smooth blackbody curve at a lower temperature the downward difference is the amount of greenhouse effect by all atmospheric CO2.