Sentences with phrase «atmospheric component in»

The number I quoted is from a new study (still in press), but is similar to that reported (2.6) for a model with the same atmospheric component in IPCC (2001).

Yet these particles, called secondary organic aerosols, are a dominant atmospheric component in most megacity locations.

Not exact matches

In advancing these theories they disregard factors universally admitted by all scientists — that in the initial period of the «birth» of the universe, conditions of temperature, atmospheric pressure, radioactivity, and a host of other catalytic factors were totally different than those existing presently, including the fact that we don't know how single atoms or their components would bind and consolidate, which involved totally unknown processes and variables, as single atoms behave far differently than conglomerations of atomIn advancing these theories they disregard factors universally admitted by all scientists — that in the initial period of the «birth» of the universe, conditions of temperature, atmospheric pressure, radioactivity, and a host of other catalytic factors were totally different than those existing presently, including the fact that we don't know how single atoms or their components would bind and consolidate, which involved totally unknown processes and variables, as single atoms behave far differently than conglomerations of atomin the initial period of the «birth» of the universe, conditions of temperature, atmospheric pressure, radioactivity, and a host of other catalytic factors were totally different than those existing presently, including the fact that we don't know how single atoms or their components would bind and consolidate, which involved totally unknown processes and variables, as single atoms behave far differently than conglomerations of atoms.

Filling in all these details will make it possible to refine the accuracy of atmospheric models and help to assess such things as strategies to mitigate specific air pollution issues, from ozone to particulate matter, or to assess the sources and removal mechanisms of atmospheric components that affect Earth's climate.

He wants to know whether the tendency of emitted compounds to end up as long - lived atmospheric components is generally applicable to other compounds and how this process might coexist or compete with other processes occurring in the atmosphere.

Launching in 2018, one of Webb's main goals is to use spectroscopy, a method of analyzing light by separating it into distinct wavelengths which allows one to identify its chemical components (by their unique wavelength signatures) to determine the atmospheric components of alien worlds.

«It so happens that if you bring a solar component in and mix it with that fractionated krypton, you get the present atmospheric composition,» Pepin explains.

Antarctic climate results from a complex mix of oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns, so there could also be other components affecting the amount of snow accumulation in the region, Bromwich said.

This corresponds in scope (not un-coincidentally) to the atmospheric component of General Circulation Models (GCMs) coupled to (at least) a mixed - layer ocean.

These components — specifically aerosols (particulates in the air — dust, soot, sulphates, nitrates, pollen etc.) and atmospheric chemistry (ozone, methane)-- are both affected by climate and affect climate, since aerosols and ozone can interact, absorb, reflect or scatter solar and thermal radiation.

For the last five years, he helped to lead the technical development team for the next generation of the atmospheric component of the Community Climate System Model Project, one of the major climate modeling activities in the United States.

In his career - long support of CESM, Rasch was formerly co-chair of the Atmospheric Model Working Group and team lead for the version five development of CESM's atmospheric component, called the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5).

In the second set of studies, environmental chemists will seek to characterize the components of thirdhand smoke, including investigating the differences between atmospheric particulate matter versus that in tobacco smokIn the second set of studies, environmental chemists will seek to characterize the components of thirdhand smoke, including investigating the differences between atmospheric particulate matter versus that in tobacco smokin tobacco smoke.

«The recent study suggests that the extreme rainfall component of Hurricane Harvey was made 15 % more intense due to climate change, which is broadly in agreement with the atmospheric theory that has been developed in this area.

It sounds like a good argument until you realize that we know what the forcing components are in the atmospheric composition and we know how much forcing they provide, and we know the source of those components and how many ppm or ppt of those components exist as a result of human industrial process.

Re # 8, any changes in climate over glacial - interglacial timescales have to take into account an additional component: the biogeochemical cycling of atmospheric gases.

This corresponds in scope (not un-coincidentally) to the atmospheric component of General Circulation Models (GCMs) coupled to (at least) a mixed - layer ocean.

The atmospheric components of climate models were never really designed for the study of TCs, but the fact that they can produce features with TC - like character when run at sufficiently high resolutions, gives us increased confidence in the possibility that climate models can be used to analyze climate change impacts on TCs.

[Response: At the dawn of coupled modelling, errors that arose in separate developments of ocean and atmospheric models lead to significant inconsistencies between the fluxes that each component needed from the other, and the ones they were getting.

I have the feeling that in raising some of those arguments here he might well become unstuck when faced with correspondents whose day job is in climatology and atmospheric physics... pretty much like an atmospheric physicist would feel, I would imagine, in commenting on the merits of something like, say, â Polyclonal antibodies raised to phycocyanins contain components specific for the red - absorbing form of phytochromeâ Planta 176, 391â 398 (not that there appears to be much to argue about there, not that I'm qualified to express an opinion on it anyway).

If so, I think we want to include tightly coupled chemical and biological processes, in that case — for example, the chemical fate of atmospheric methane over time, the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on oceanic acid - base chemistry, and the response of the biological components of the carbon cycle to increased temperatures and a changing hydrologic cycle.

Validation of the CO2 inversion product (v16r1): mean bias of the atmospheric component of this product with respect to independent aircraft measurements in the free troposphere.

This slower carbon loop through the terrestrial component of the carbon cycle affects the rate of growth of atmospheric CO2 concentration and, in its shorter term expression, imposes a seasonal cycle on that trend (Chapter 3, Figure 3.2 a).

As far as Hansen's Scenario A, B, C forecasts back in the 80s, he could have just dusted off the model in 2005, plugged in the greenhouse emissions, volcanic eruptions, atmospheric component concentrations, etc..

Glaciers and snowpack, the key cryospheric components of high mountain systems, are sensitive to increases in temperature, shifting atmospheric circulation patterns, and varying amounts and forms of precipitation.

Specifically «While natural chaotic variability remains a component of mid-latitude atmospheric variability, recent loss of Arctic sea ice, with its signature on mid-latitude atmospheric circulation, may load the dice in favor of snowier conditions in large parts of northern mid-latitudes.»

Because of their significant complexity and the need to provide multi-century integrations, horizontal resolutions of the atmospheric components of the AOGCMs in the MMD range from 400 to 125 km.

The next question is will the current global cooling cause a decline in atmospheric CO2, or is the humanmade component of CO2 sufficiently large to overcome the natural variation which is apparently driven by temperature?

«Models fail to reproduce the observed annual cycle in all components of the albedo with any realism, although they broadly capture the correct proportions of surface and atmospheric contributions to the TOA albedo.»

[14] For instance, one critical component of unsettled science is how much warming will be generated by a given increase in atmospheric CO2 levels.

Unfortunately, there is no detailed instrument record of subsurface changes in Gulf Stream heat transport into the region over the past decades, so it's hard to say — and the atmospheric component?

When ocean models were first coupled to atmospheric models well over a quarter century ago, systematic errors in each component near their interface led to sizeable drift and unrealistic climate simulations.

Interactive atmospheric chemistry components are not generally included in the models used in this report.

In that particular case, it was shown that most of the model bias came from the atmospheric component and that the model error developed very fast (after 5 days for certain variables).

Some of the more complex models now account explicitly for the dynamics of the aerosol size distribution throughout the aerosol atmospheric lifetime and also parametrize the internal / external mixing of the various aerosol components in a more physically realistic way than in the TAR (e.g., Adams and Seinfeld, 2002; Easter et al., 2004; Stier et al., 2005).

In turn, temperature change affects atmospheric water vapor as well as the more dynamical components of equator - to - pole insolation and of temperature gradients that vary on timescales of decades to hundreds of years.

«Never forget that climatology is not even a field, much less a science: «Rather, the atmospheric greenhouse mechanism is a conjecture... the radiative component of heat transfer of CO2, though relevant at the temperatures in combustion chambers, can be neglected at atmospheric temperatures.

I don't think that anyone has commented on the fact that the areas of increased atmospheric CO2 that have been identified from satellite scanning are not in the industrialised areas, suggesting strongly that the source (s) of the increase are natural and that they are overwhelming the minor anthropogenic component.

Now, let's call A the increase in atmospheric CO2, B is the net amount added from natural sources and C is the man - made component.

The exact amount of this temperature increase, however, remains uncertain because of unpredictable changes in other atmospheric components, especially cloud cover.

[Equilibrium] climate sensitivity is defined as the increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST), once the ocean has reached equilibrium, resulting from a doubling of the equivalent atmospheric CO2 concentration, being the concentration of CO2 that would cause the same radiative forcing as the given mixture of CO2 and other forcing components.

Each of these components, C1, C2 and C3, is then associated with some fraction of the emissions into the atmosphere, E, and a particular removal mechanism: where b3 (= 0.1) is a fixed constant representing the Revelle buffer factor, and b1 is a fixed constant such that b1 + b3 = 0.3 [11]; b1 represents the fraction of atmospheric CO2 that would remain in the atmosphere following an injection of carbon in the absence of the equilibrium response and ocean advection; b0 represents an adjustable time constant, the inverse of which is of order 200 years.

Here we find a long list of climate components that «are now changing at rates and in patterns that are not natural and are best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century.»

Sea ice with its strong seasonal and interannual variability (Fig. 1) is a very critical component of the Arctic system that responds sensitively to changes in atmospheric circulation, incoming radiation, atmospheric and oceanic heat fluxes, as well as the hydrological cycle1, 2.

Where the believers in dangerous global warming are so ignorant of the very basics of life and of science at any level they can not even give the atmospheric component they want banned its correct name but use the name of the element which is the basis of ALL life on this planet that of «Carbon» as the item that is to be eliminated from the planet..

However, using National Centers for Environmental Prediction − National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP - NCAR) reanalysis data (41), Petoukhov et al. (34) showed that, during a number of recent NH extremes in July and August, certain persistent high - amplitude atmospheric wave patterns with barotropic vertical structure evolved, to which the quasistationary component of midlatitude barotropic free waves with zonal wave numbers k ≈ 6 − 8 made an exceptionally large contribution.

«The authors write that North Pacific Decadal Variability (NPDV) «is a key component in predictability studies of both regional and global climate change,»... they emphasize that given the links between both the PDO and the NPGO with global climate, the accurate characterization and the degree of predictability of these two modes in coupled climate models is an important «open question in climate dynamics» that needs to be addressed... report that model - derived «temporal and spatial statistics of the North Pacific Ocean modes exhibit significant discrepancies from observations in their twentieth - century climate... conclude that «for implications on future climate change, the coupled climate models show no consensus on projected future changes in frequency of either the first or second leading pattern of North Pacific SST anomalies,» and they say that «the lack of a consensus in changes in either mode also affects confidence in projected changes in the overlying atmospheric circulation.»»

Overall forcing at the TOA is negative averaged over all aerosols, but significant atmospheric heating and a net positive TOA forcing is possible for aerosols with a strong black carbon component, and some of this will eventually be transmitted to the surface despite the reduction in surface insolation from the light scattering and absorptive properties of the aerosols.

In particular, I think it would be interesting to use a complex atmospheric chemistry component to allow for spatial variation in the forcing reduction through sulphate aerosols: increase the aerosol optical depth over one source country, for example, and let it disperse over timIn particular, I think it would be interesting to use a complex atmospheric chemistry component to allow for spatial variation in the forcing reduction through sulphate aerosols: increase the aerosol optical depth over one source country, for example, and let it disperse over timin the forcing reduction through sulphate aerosols: increase the aerosol optical depth over one source country, for example, and let it disperse over time.

There is also the issue that is continually pushed that man made CO2 is responsible for the overall increase in atmospheric CO2 when the natural component of atmospheric CO2 is 97 % of total.